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艺术瑰宝云冈石窟（二)精美的佛像石雕刻 by bxt

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hive-105017 · @bxt ·
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艺术瑰宝云冈石窟（二)精美的佛像石雕刻
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![VrERpoZDKwyr6vOS_fengmian.webp](https://cdn.liketu.com/media/bxt/images/VrERpoZDKwyr6vOS_fengmian/VrERpoZDKwyr6vOS_fengmian.webp)
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穿过了礼佛大道之后，再经过灵岩寺，终于见到了五洲山上的云冈石窟，这是由北魏皇室主持开凿的皇家寺院，离大同市区约16公里，这个地方开凿寺院还与北魏太武帝灭佛有关。

北魏太武帝灭佛史称“太武灭佛”是中国历史上第一次大规模，由国家政权发起的迫害佛教事件，原因在于佛教寺院经济的过度膨胀严重损害了国家的经济利益和统治基础，同时太武帝在思想上逐步认同儒家，道家为正统，所采取的极端暴力手段，以此巩固黄权和国家实力。 后来在昙矅的主持下，开凿五大窟，既是有名的昙矅五窟。

总共有40多个洞窟，主要洞窟为第一窟至第二十窟。昙曜五窟即现在的第十六窟至第二十窟。我们先来到了第三洞窟。 导游说这里的大佛有的有眼睛，有的没了眼睛，眼球现如今还在某国的博物馆里面。
![fob.jpg](https://images.hive.blog/DQmTCCGFAm8y5K6bQsD8VwHh8yyTud9jzMivnvVPEuwkxvv/fob.jpg)

>上层台面两端各一座三级方塔，两塔间凿二明窗，明窗之间为一庑殿形窟室，主像雕交脚弥勒。窟面东西各开一门，窟内西后室北壁，雕阿弥陀佛、观世音(位东)和大势至菩萨(位西)三尊像，即“西方三圣”。主尊阿弥陀佛高10米，倚坐，面部圆润丰满，神态超然，右手施无畏印，左手抚膝，通身饰背光，神态安详。两侧菩萨高约6米，头戴宝冠，精美庄严。经专家考证，这三尊石雕佛像为唐代作品。


![cemian.jpg](https://images.hive.blog/DQmfWnNEJ3yM7RgGgKXrieSpTimRquvpVJa1R8odVzya8KQ/cemian.jpg)

云冈石窟的佛像风格淳朴，在保留古印度原型的基础上，又融入了鲜卑族的血脉，被称为“胡貌梵相”。

![1.jpg](https://images.hive.blog/DQmRPH5PLk5x89Y98buKX6Nrqy7fQRQESTTEt9hJPY1kKzX/1.jpg)


![cai.jpg](https://images.hive.blog/DQmR4GXfBYq4jEfdqCqNvtceQ4wP99365q2XJaeFyKU71BF/cai.jpg)


第七、八窟是一组双窟。第七窟三面刻有佛像，窟顶藻井绘有莲花、飞天。南壁拱门上方的六个供养天人造像被称为“云冈六美人”，是云冈石窟最早出现的供养人造像。第八窟风化严重，但能看出印度佛教与北魏鲜卑族人信仰文化融合的痕迹。


![8.jpg](https://images.hive.blog/DQmXroCRSByxbzG7jhaT1bqcZtn8wNkFh4dZLR9wufiUyDJ/8.jpg)


“五华洞”是对云冈石窟第9至13窟的俗称，因后世彩绘异常绚丽而得名，这也是云冈石窟中仅有的彩绘作品。洞内作品色彩艳丽，堪称绝世精品。 其中第11窟被称作音乐窟，里面的音乐会盛况空前。

![colour.jpg](https://images.hive.blog/DQmdwUTZbRLeDDP9TbAWF4p27mGAgrsDQQezD895HWijMEe/colour.jpg)

![wudao.jpg](https://images.hive.blog/DQmdaDTekg4tfEAXVqs6rt97ePJzT9aRBxu5HhZa9H9PRrX/wudao.jpg)

![duo.jpg](https://images.hive.blog/DQmZGA54gqg9dXYPtzx1TCNgzTrVZHadNGrAGxiAUZWDpLh/duo.jpg)


>北魏时期的佛像与后世严肃的佛像不同，北魏佛像更亲近于凡人，每一尊佛的脸上表情都是笑眯眯的
微笑是北魏佛造像的时代特征，后世没有这般平易近人的佛像。


![0.jpg](https://images.hive.blog/DQmXwqcVE2j4u7yoZyVbBW8XCPySxzC6bUMsT9d6UJtmySb/0.jpg)

>二圣临朝 这里象征着冯太后与孝文帝共同治理国家，因此不是独窟独佛，而是双佛。

![dui zuo.jpg](https://images.hive.blog/DQmPon6ccPaDkbmebWkudvpcZPVimEUVG15yEvBbEPbrphT/dui%20zuo.jpg)
弥勒菩萨 这尊弥勒菩萨高12米，是北魏孝文帝迁都前所造的最后一尊佛像。与昙曜五窟的交脚菩萨类似，这尊菩萨的右臂下也有出于力学考虑而设计的支撑。不同的是，它不再是一个简单的古希腊立柱，而是一个雕刻细腻、衣饰华丽的中国力士，为云冈石窟中仅有的一例。


![dalishi.jpg](https://images.hive.blog/DQmWVTLaUKp7YyCWVu3EcLhv7o2Eaau2Ls79QamKHkFj7D4/dalishi.jpg)

击掌佛，经过的人纷纷和大佛击掌，寻求大佛的庇佑吧！ 

![zhang.jpg](https://images.hive.blog/DQmZYh8FG3rCNzrY7tTz6GDTXpHB3sFy66wpCm2ASHXBgCH/zhang.jpg)


露天大佛


![shiwaifo.jpg](https://images.hive.blog/DQmQz5xGYuUAVeZ1RsRnvTnZF7Hudnvc2NFve3EcGyBaVR2/shiwaifo.jpg)


勇猛的鲜卑族创建的北魏王朝仅仅存在了一百余年，通过云冈石窟这个艺术宝库，我们才能捕捉到那个消失了的游牧民族的影子。走在云冈石窟，你会感受到北魏时期辉煌的艺术成就，这么大的工程得需要多少人日以继夜的干，当初的这些石雕他们又经历了怎么样的一番辛苦，直至留下这么一座辉煌的作品！



关于云冈石窟的分享就到这里了，夜已深，各位晚安！

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@carolin77 · 
哈哈哈你这几张大佛 ，让我想起了乐山那尊大佛 太像了
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@bxt · 
是啊， 这些佛像要早于乐山大佛好多年呢，他们都是不朽的杰作！
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@marygong77777 · 
是呀，真不容易，👍🏻👍🏻
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@bxt · 
这些都是中国古代工匠们的辉煌杰作！亲身经历是非常震撼的！
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