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Malabar spinach and its chemical components that nourish and promote health - La espinaca Malabar y sus componentes químicos que nutren y promueven la salud. by capp

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· @capp · (edited)
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Malabar spinach and its chemical components that nourish and promote health - La espinaca Malabar y sus componentes químicos que nutren y promueven la salud.
<div class="text-justify">The Malabar spinach (<em>Basella alba</em>) is a plant with a robust fleshy stem at its base with branches that spread widely during its growth, and morphologically it can be recognized by its small black or dark purple fruits. It is sometimes used as a substitute for true spinach (<em>Spinacea oleracea</em>) and its green leaves are used for consumption.</div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><blockquote>La espinaca Malabar (<em>Basella alba</em>) es una planta de tallo carnoso robusto en su base con ramas que se extienden ampliamente durante su crecimiento, y morfológicamente puede ser reconocida por sus frutos pequeños de color negro o púrpura oscuro. En ocasiones es empleada como sustituto de la espinaca verdadera (<em>Spinacea oleracea</em>) utilizándose para consumo sus hojas verdes.</blockquote></div><p></p>
<center>https://images.hive.blog/DQmcKqjW5zMj5pBwFp2koAEKryeiPyS1XauiCEN2xi33TMJ/01.png</center><p></p>
<div class="text-justify">Nutritionally, <em>Basella alba</em> leaves (per 100 grams of fresh material), provide approximately, carbohydrates 3.0 grams of which 2.5 grams are non-reducing sugars; protein 1.0 gram; lipids or fats 1.1 grams; and total dietary fiber 32.0 grams of which 21.9 grams are insoluble dietary fiber. Dietary fiber is important because of its beneficial effects on human nutrition, namely decreasing the risk of disorders such as constipation, diabetes, coronary heart disease, diverticulosis and obesity.</div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><blockquote>Nutricionalmente las hojas de <em>Basella alba</em> (por 100 gramos de material fresco), aportan aproximadamente, carbohidratos 3,0 gramos de los cuales 2,5 gramos son azúcares no reductores; proteína 1,0 gramo; lípidos o grasas 1,1 gramos, y fibra dietética total 32,0 gramos de los cuales 21,9 gramos son fibra dietética insoluble. La fibra dietética reviste importancia debido a sus efectos beneficiosos en la nutrición humana, a saber, la disminución del riesgo de trastornos como el estreñimiento, las enfermedades coronarias, la diabetes, la diverticulosis y la obesidad.</blockquote></div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><em>Basella alba</em> leaves are a source of vitamin C or ascorbic acid (74 mg / 100 g of fresh material) and niacin or B3 (0.6 mg / 100 g of fresh material), and also vitamins B9 (folic acid), B1 (thiamine) and B2 (riboflavin). The role of niacin in various biological activities, such as cancer prevention, DNA repair and the fight against reactive oxygen species has been documented in the literature.</div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><blockquote>Las hojas de <em>Basella alba</em> son fuente de vitamina C o ácido ascórbico (74 mg / 100 g de material fresco) y niacina o B3 (0,6 mg / 100 g de material fresco), y también de vitaminas B9 (ácido fólico), B1 (tiamina) y B2 (riboflavina). El papel de la niacina en diversas actividades biológicas, como la prevención del cáncer, la reparación del ADN y la lucha contra las especies reactivas del oxígeno ha sido documentado en la literatura.</blockquote></div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify">Minerals present in the leaves of the plant (per 100 grams of fresh material) include potassium 498 mg, sodium 25 mg, calcium 79 mg, magnesium 74 mg, iron 4.2 mg, zinc 0.3 mg and copper 0.04 mg. Potassium and sodium are important intracellular and extracellular cations, respectively. Sodium is involved in plasma volume, acid-base balance and nerve and muscle contraction. Calcium is a major element in the human body; its deficiency causes osteoporosis, arthritis, rickets and tooth decay. Zinc is a micronutrient essential for human growth and immune function. All these minerals function as cofactors in antioxidant enzymes, adding further value to its proteins.</div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><blockquote>Entre los minerales presentes en las hojas de la planta (por 100 gramos de material fresco), se encuentran el potasio 498 mg, sodio 25 mg, calcio 79 mg, magnesio 74 mg, hierro 4,2 mg, cinc 0.3 mg y cobre 0,04 mg. El potasio y el sodio son importantes cationes intracelulares y extracelulares, respectivamente. El sodio interviene en el volumen plasmático, el equilibrio ácido-base y la contracción nerviosa y muscular. El calcio es un elemento principal en el cuerpo humano, su deficiencia provoca osteoporosis, artritis, piorrea, raquitismo y caries. El cinc es un micronutriente esencial para el crecimiento humano y la función inmunitaria. Todos estos minerales funcionan como cofactores en las enzimas antioxidantes, lo que añade un mayor valor a sus proteínas.</blockquote></div><p></p>
<center>https://images.hive.blog/DQmR94io1avFDSyi1TWweoB16GcE3Azphs7K457wGLGScRF/02.png</center><p></p>
<div class="text-justify">In addition to the aforementioned nutrients, the plant contains other bioactive compounds with health-promoting activity, including polyphenols, flavonoids, proanthocyanins,  anthocyanins, α- carotene, and xanthophylls, such as neoxanthin, violaxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin with antioxidant properties. The leaves also contain the pigment β-carotene (1.9 mg / 100 g of fresh material), which is a precursor of vitamin A.</div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><blockquote>Además de los nutrientes mencionados, la planta contiene otros compuestos bioactivos con actividad promotora de la salud, que incluyen polifenoles, flavonoides, proantocianinas, antocianinas, β-caroteno, α-caroteno y xantófilas, como neoxantina, violaxantina, luteína y zeaxantina, con propiedades antioxidantes. Las hojas también contienen el pigmento β-caroteno (1,9 mg / 100 g of fresh material), que es precursor de la vitamina A.</blockquote></div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify">In relation to the biological activity of <em>Basella alba</em> leaves, in experimental trials with rats, leaf extracts have shown significant anti-inflammatory activity, and such activity has also been observed using aqueous extracts of leaves of the plant stabilizing human blood cell membranes, in <em>in vitro</em> assays.</div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><blockquote>En relación con la actividad biológica de hojas de <em>Basella alba</em>, en ensayos experimentales con ratas, extractos de hojas han mostrado actividad antinflamatoria significativa, y dicha actividad también ha sido observada utilizando extractos acuosos de hojas de la planta estabilizando membranas de células sanguíneas humanas, en ensayos <em>in vitro</em>.</blockquote></div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify">The effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of <em>Basella alba</em> leaves on anti-ulcer activity in rats have also been demonstrated due to the enhancement of gastric cytoprotection and inhibition of acid secretion, and furthermore, both extracts increased mucosal defense and decreased gastric acidity very significantly, indicating that <em>Basella alba</em> leaves have gastroprotective activity.</div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><blockquote>Los efectos de extractos acuosos y etanólicos de hojas de <em>Basella alba</em> sobre la actividad antiulcerosa en ratas también han sido demostrados debido a la mejora de la citoprotección gástrica y la inhibición de la secreción de ácido, y además, ambos extractos aumentaron la defensa de la mucosa y disminuyeron la acidez gástrica de forma muy significativa, lo que indicó que las hojas de <em>Basella alba</em> tienen actividad gastroprotectora.</blockquote></div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify">Methanol extracts of the aerial parts of the plant have also been documented to contain psychoactive constituents such as terpenoids, which have central nervous system depressant activity that is useful in treating certain stress problems such as restful sleep in today's busy life.</div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><blockquote>También se ha documentado que los extractos de metanol de las partes aéreas de la planta contienen componentes psicoactivos como los terpenoides, que tienen una actividad depresora del sistema nervioso central que resulta útil para tratar ciertos problemas de estrés como el sueño reparador en la ajetreada vida actual.</blockquote></div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify">On the other hand, I must point out that the plant is very productive in leaves and fruits (each fruit contains a seed). In my home we often enjoy its leaves making creams or mixing them with eggs. In relation to the fruits, it is enough to leave some plant to grow until it produces them, which are then left to dry scattered in a tray, so that once dry what is appreciated is the seed, and literally hundreds of seeds are obtained for future planting and also to give away. If you want to see a personal experience of home cultivation click <a href="https://hive.blog/hive-133872/@capp/cultivo-casero-de-espinaca-malabar-malabar-spinach-home-cultivation">here</a>.</div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><blockquote>Por otro lado, debo destacar que la planta es muy productiva en hojas y frutos (cada fruto contiene una semilla). En mi hogar disfrutamos con frecuencia sus hojas elaborando cremas o mezclándolas con huevos. En relación con los frutos, basta con dejar alguna planta que crezca hasta que los produzca, los cuales después se dejan secar esparcidos en alguna bandeja, para de esta forma una vez secos lo que se aprecia es la semilla, y literalmente se obtienen cientos de semillas para futuras siembras y también regalar. Si desea ver una experiencia personal de cultivo casero pulse clic <a href="https://hive.blog/hive-133872/@capp/cultivo-casero-de-espinaca-malabar-malabar-spinach-home-cultivation">aquí</a>.</blockquote></div><p></p>
<center>https://images.hive.blog/DQmTm2FNpAwVueSokrY5Qw7syQVMpVxvQMWFNFPCTAafLrQ/03.png</center>
<p></p>
<center>References - Referencias</center><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><sub><a href="https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2014.40125">Deshmukh, S. A. & Gaikwad, D. K. 2014. A review of the taxonomy, ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of <em>Basella alba</em> (Basellaceae). Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 4 (01): 153-165.</a></sub></div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><sub><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2021.1874410">Kumar, P. C.; Oberoi, H. S. & Azeez, S. 2021. <em>Basella</em>- an underutilized green leafy vegetable with a potential for functional food development. Food Reviews International. 18 p.</a></sub></div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><sub><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2015.05.017">Kumar, S. S.; Manoj, P. & Giridhar, P. 2015. Nutrition facts and functional attributes of foliage of <em>Basella</em> spp. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 64 (1): 468-474.</a></sub></div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><sub><a href="https://www.interesjournals.org/abstract/total-antioxidant-activity-phenolic-flavonoid-and-ascorbic-acid-contents-of-nigerian-vegetables-15942.html">Olajire, A. A. & Azeez, L. 2011. Total antioxidant activity, phenolic, flavonoid and ascorbic acid contents of Nigerian vegetables. African Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2 (2): 22-29.</a></sub></div>
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<center>https://images.hive.blog/DQmTQT7ih8W5aSbe3qdDnZMmVeUxR6vuc4EUNFwz23XeZ6p/S01.png</center><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><center>Images captured with Fujifilm FinePix Z90 digital camera.</center></div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><blockquote><center>Imágenes capturadas con cámara digital Fujifilm FinePix Z90.</center></blockquote></div><p></p>
<center>https://images.hive.blog/DQmUvqQ7PMtZ698dDJY97gdQgxYckZPNKBJNVVGjixriU4Q/S02.png</center>
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Su post ha sido valorado por @ramonycajal

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@capp ·
Gracias @ramonycajal, saludos a todos.
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@capp ·
I previously checked the post. Specifically FOOD POST: "Review a specific food product". I am interested in "Things you don't eat and why". Thanks @steemitbloggers.
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