【读杜诗说】（3）登兖州城楼|月旦评 by crowflew

View this thread on: hive.blog | peakd.com | ecency.com

cn · @crowflew · Feb 27 '18 (edited)

$0.18

【读杜诗说】（3）登兖州城楼|月旦评

<html>
<blockquote>东郡趋庭日，南楼纵目初。<br>
浮云连海岳，平野入青徐。<br>
孤嶂秦碑在，荒城鲁殿馀。<br>
从来多古意，临眺独踌躇。<br>
——杜甫《登兖州城楼》</blockquote>
<p>《登兖州城楼》是登高诗的典范。</p>
<p>登高诗不乏天才之作，比如“前不见古人，后不见来者。念天地之悠悠，独怆然而涕下 ”。可是这诗我们学不了，不是天才勃发不可能写得出来。</p>
<p>《登兖州城楼》不一样，恢弘壮阔，却有迹可循。</p>
<p><br></p>
<p>先说诗义。</p>
<p>为了东郡的事儿，翻了好一阵地图。。</p>
<p>熟悉三国的同学应该知道，曹操是东郡太守起家，治濮阳。兖州则是一个大州，比得上现在的省。而本诗“东郡趋庭日”，指的却是杜甫小时候，父亲在兖州司马任上的事儿。唐代东郡改为滑州，离兖州隔着百多公里呢。兖州和滑州平等了，都是一个县的大小，属于河南道治下。所以这里的东郡不是实指，而是借古称代之。&nbsp;</p>
<p>https://steemitimages.com/DQmaFRoFhca7txs9kwuVy9TThjG4TtJVzZK5qhGUH9Aazbb/QQ%E6%88%AA%E5%9B%BE20180225230722.jpg</p>
<p>趋庭，是孔子的故事。《论语》云：</p>
<blockquote>陈亢问于伯鱼曰：“子亦有异闻乎？”对曰：“未也。尝独立，鲤趋而过庭。曰：‘学诗乎？’对曰：‘未也’。‘不学诗，无以言。’鲤退而学诗。他日又独立，鲤趋而过庭。曰：‘学礼乎？’对曰：‘未也’。‘不学礼，无以立。’鲤退而学礼。闻斯二者。”陈亢退而喜曰：“问一得三。闻诗，闻礼，又闻君子之远其子也。”<br>
——《论语·季氏》</blockquote>
<p>大意是孔鲤被孔子揪住学习。所以后人就用“庭鲤”、“趋庭”、“过庭”、“鲤趋”一类词语表示长辈对晚辈的教诲。</p>
<p>南楼类似“西楼”，并不非得是南边或者西边的楼，借字而已。</p>
<p>秦始皇东巡，刻石歌颂秦德，是谓秦碑；汉景帝子刘余为鲁共王，在兖州曲阜城内筑殿，是为鲁殿。</p>
<p><br></p>
<p>再说章法。</p>
<p>“东郡趋庭”是往日，“南楼纵目”是今时。重返故地，自然感慨颇多，讲明由来。</p>
<p>“浮云连海岱，平野入青徐”承“纵目”，宏阔浩大、俯仰千里。</p>
<p>“孤嶂秦碑在，荒城鲁殿馀”开“临眺”，今日登临，想古迹依在，上下千年。</p>
<p>结句自然收束，意味不尽。</p>
<p>首联交代事由。微妙在中两联，次联接续首联，说空间之广；三联怀古意，是纵横时间，并打开结句。末联隐约点出父亲之教诲，正是“趋庭”之功，才有“从来”多古意，照应首联。最后归于踟躇，意味深长，余韵悠悠。篇章内在联系非常紧密，过渡就显得很自然、可靠，一空间、一时间，又大开大合、壮丽无比。</p>
<p><br></p>
<p>《登金陵凤凰台》写法结构与之相当类似，可以一并参考。</p>
<blockquote>凤凰台上凤凰游，凤去台空江自流。<br>
吴宫花草埋幽径，晋代衣冠成古丘。<br>
三山半落青天外，二水中分白鹭洲。<br>
总为浮云能蔽日，长安不见使人愁。<br>
——李白《登金陵凤凰台》</blockquote>
</html>

👍 weisheng167388, cnbuddy, mygoblin, cn-naughty.boy, cn-cutie.pie, legendstick, hqy, foodielifestyle, red2018, jericho7, crowflew

`author`	crowflew
`permlink`	3
`category`	cn
`json_metadata`	{"tags":["cn","poetry","cn-reader"],"app":"steemit/0.1","format":"html","image":["https://steemitimages.com/DQmaFRoFhca7txs9kwuVy9TThjG4TtJVzZK5qhGUH9Aazbb/QQ%E6%88%AA%E5%9B%BE20180225230722.jpg"]}
`created`	2018-02-25 15:52:42
`last_update`	2018-02-27 01:46:24
`depth`	0
`children`	8
`last_payout`	2018-03-04 15:52:42
`cashout_time`	1969-12-31 23:59:59
`total_payout_value`	0.166 HBD
`curator_payout_value`	0.013 HBD
`pending_payout_value`	0.000 HBD
`promoted`	0.000 HBD
`body_length`	1,417
`author_reputation`	1,159,784,092,964
`root_title`	【读杜诗说】（3）登兖州城楼\|月旦评
`beneficiaries`	`[]`
`max_accepted_payout`	1,000,000.000 HBD
`percent_hbd`	10,000
`post_id`	40,365,234
`net_rshares`	32,597,225,082
`author_curate_reward`	""

properties (23)vote details (11)

voter	rshares	pct
mygoblin	2,607,962,977	100%
hqy	1,839,153,958	100%
cnbuddy	8,861,499,391	1%
legendstick	2,023,046,169	100%
weisheng167388	9,919,729,120	100%
foodielifestyle	1,419,049,872	100%
red2018	614,510,898	100%
cn-naughty.boy	2,299,550,680	11.64%
cn-cutie.pie	2,178,619,621	11.36%
crowflew	319,044,518	100%
jericho7	515,057,878	100%

@cn-cutie.pie · Feb 25 '18

@crowflew, 嘻嘻，小可可来给你点赞啦~~~ ![img](https://i.imgur.com/dsMyBqv.png)

properties (22)

`author`	cn-cutie.pie
`permlink`	20180225t155704545z-post
`category`	cn
`json_metadata`	{"tags":["cn"]}
`created`	2018-02-25 15:57:06
`last_update`	2018-02-25 15:57:06
`depth`	1
`children`	0
`last_payout`	2018-03-04 15:57:06
`cashout_time`	1969-12-31 23:59:59
`total_payout_value`	0.000 HBD
`curator_payout_value`	0.000 HBD
`pending_payout_value`	0.000 HBD
`promoted`	0.000 HBD
`body_length`	66
`author_reputation`	717,169,219,933
`root_title`	【读杜诗说】（3）登兖州城楼\|月旦评
`beneficiaries`	`[]`
`max_accepted_payout`	1,000,000.000 HBD
`percent_hbd`	10,000
`post_id`	40,366,173
`net_rshares`	0

@cn-naughty.boy · Feb 25 '18

@crowflew, 月旦评我只抢沙发！

听说 @bobdos 大大当STEEM见证人了？！

* [快速投票bobdos为见证人](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=bobdos&approve=1)
* 或者去 [https://steemit.com/~witnesses](https://steemit.com/~witnesses)投他一票去!

![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmR7hM98grs6aCmQMdE4p9ajpP5P8NXL8UxMpo9jZsrRDQ/image.png)

properties (22)

`author`	cn-naughty.boy
`permlink`	20180225t160119510z-post
`category`	cn
`json_metadata`	{"tags":["cn"]}
`created`	2018-02-25 16:01:21
`last_update`	2018-02-25 16:01:21
`depth`	1
`children`	0
`last_payout`	2018-03-04 16:01:21
`cashout_time`	1969-12-31 23:59:59
`total_payout_value`	0.000 HBD
`curator_payout_value`	0.000 HBD
`pending_payout_value`	0.000 HBD
`promoted`	0.000 HBD
`body_length`	314
`author_reputation`	803,970,857,060
`root_title`	【读杜诗说】（3）登兖州城楼\|月旦评
`beneficiaries`	`[]`
`max_accepted_payout`	1,000,000.000 HBD
`percent_hbd`	10,000
`post_id`	40,367,009
`net_rshares`	0

@cnbuddy · Feb 25 '18

新年快乐！cn区点赞机器人 @cnbuddy 这厢有礼了。倘若你不喜欢我的留言，请回复“取消”。

properties (22)

`author`	cnbuddy
`permlink`	re-crowflew-3-20180225t161817881z
`category`	cn
`json_metadata`	""
`created`	2018-02-25 16:18:18
`last_update`	2018-02-25 16:18:18
`depth`	1
`children`	0
`last_payout`	2018-03-04 16:18:18
`cashout_time`	1969-12-31 23:59:59
`total_payout_value`	0.000 HBD
`curator_payout_value`	0.000 HBD
`pending_payout_value`	0.000 HBD
`promoted`	0.000 HBD
`body_length`	48
`author_reputation`	-1,449,160,991,441
`root_title`	【读杜诗说】（3）登兖州城楼\|月旦评
`beneficiaries`	`[]`
`max_accepted_payout`	1,000,000.000 HBD
`percent_hbd`	10,000
`post_id`	40,370,252
`net_rshares`	0

@mygoblin · Feb 26 '18

《登金陵凤凰台》好像是中学课本里的一首，要是那时的课本能把两首对照，附录你这样一篇解读文章就好了。

properties (22)

`author`	mygoblin
`permlink`	re-crowflew-3-20180226t170037409z
`category`	cn
`json_metadata`	{"tags":["cn"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
`created`	2018-02-26 17:00:39
`last_update`	2018-02-26 17:00:39
`depth`	1
`children`	1
`last_payout`	2018-03-05 17:00:39
`cashout_time`	1969-12-31 23:59:59
`total_payout_value`	0.000 HBD
`curator_payout_value`	0.000 HBD
`pending_payout_value`	0.000 HBD
`promoted`	0.000 HBD
`body_length`	49
`author_reputation`	1,068,307,403,359
`root_title`	【读杜诗说】（3）登兖州城楼\|月旦评
`beneficiaries`	`[]`
`max_accepted_payout`	1,000,000.000 HBD
`percent_hbd`	10,000
`post_id`	40,646,038
`net_rshares`	0

@crowflew · Feb 27 '18

我也感觉中小学课本有些不足啦，因为差不多集中在讲字义、语法和所谓的“修辞手法”上。但有点脱离实际，什么文章都套相同的几个修辞手法，却没有尝试引导不同文章的微妙差异。而且诗歌方面几乎不涉及篇章，只有散文小说啥的来点总分总、插叙倒叙之类。

properties (22)

`author`	crowflew
`permlink`	re-mygoblin-re-crowflew-3-20180227t022207516z
`category`	cn
`json_metadata`	{"tags":["cn"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
`created`	2018-02-27 02:22:09
`last_update`	2018-02-27 02:22:09
`depth`	2
`children`	0
`last_payout`	2018-03-06 02:22:09
`cashout_time`	1969-12-31 23:59:59
`total_payout_value`	0.000 HBD
`curator_payout_value`	0.000 HBD
`pending_payout_value`	0.000 HBD
`promoted`	0.000 HBD
`body_length`	117
`author_reputation`	1,159,784,092,964
`root_title`	【读杜诗说】（3）登兖州城楼\|月旦评
`beneficiaries`	`[]`
`max_accepted_payout`	1,000,000.000 HBD
`percent_hbd`	10,000
`post_id`	40,747,722
`net_rshares`	0

@red2018 · Feb 25 '18

Hi ~ I'm a robot of red2018.I just upvoted your post! 
 Please come visit me here: https://steemit.com/@red2018 
 Thanks so much~!!

properties (22)

`author`	red2018
`permlink`	re-3-20180225t160038
`category`	cn
`json_metadata`	"{"app": "piston-lib/0.5.7"}"
`created`	2018-02-25 16:00:39
`last_update`	2018-02-25 16:00:39
`depth`	1
`children`	0
`last_payout`	2018-03-04 16:00:39
`cashout_time`	1969-12-31 23:59:59
`total_payout_value`	0.000 HBD
`curator_payout_value`	0.000 HBD
`pending_payout_value`	0.000 HBD
`promoted`	0.000 HBD
`body_length`	133
`author_reputation`	87,800,865,121
`root_title`	【读杜诗说】（3）登兖州城楼\|月旦评
`beneficiaries`	`[]`
`max_accepted_payout`	1,000,000.000 HBD
`percent_hbd`	10,000
`post_id`	40,366,854
`net_rshares`	0

@weisheng167388 · Feb 26 '18

跟读长知识来了！哈哈~

properties (22)

`author`	weisheng167388
`permlink`	re-crowflew-3-20180226t102827760z
`category`	cn
`json_metadata`	{"tags":["cn"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
`created`	2018-02-26 10:28:27
`last_update`	2018-02-26 10:28:27
`depth`	1
`children`	1
`last_payout`	2018-03-05 10:28:27
`cashout_time`	1969-12-31 23:59:59
`total_payout_value`	0.000 HBD
`curator_payout_value`	0.000 HBD
`pending_payout_value`	0.000 HBD
`promoted`	0.000 HBD
`body_length`	11
`author_reputation`	54,326,445,016,150
`root_title`	【读杜诗说】（3）登兖州城楼\|月旦评
`beneficiaries`	`[]`
`max_accepted_payout`	1,000,000.000 HBD
`percent_hbd`	10,000
`post_id`	40,564,502
`net_rshares`	0

@crowflew · Feb 26 '18

要写英语诗还是中文诗呀~~

properties (22)