Cognitive Ethnography: ACTION AS COGNITION by deeallen

psychology · @deeallen · Oct 16 '16 (edited)

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Cognitive Ethnography: ACTION AS COGNITION

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<p>In 2004, cognitive anthropologists&nbsp;<a href="http://communication.ucsd.edu/people/faculty/morana-alac.html">Morana Alač</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hutchins">Edwin Hutchins</a>&nbsp;carried out nine months of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnography">ethnographic fieldwork</a>&nbsp;among several groups of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroscience">Neuroscientists</a>,&nbsp;studying the transmission of knowledge from experts to novices in the practice of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_magnetic_resonance_imaging">fMRI</a>).&nbsp;</p>
<p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/steemimgimgs/2016/10/15/02_fusion_legend_menu_ihb-00069400-8eb944.jpg" width="720" height="566"/></p>
<p><em>Above: Measuring brain activity with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (</em><a href="https://www.healthcare.siemens.com/magnetic-resonance-imaging/options-and-upgrades/clinical-applications/syngo-mr-neuro-fmri"><em><strong>syngo.MR Neuro fMRI</strong></em></a><em><strong>)</strong></em><em>&nbsp;</em></p>
<p>The researchers combined traditional <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnography">ethnographic</a> methods with “micro-analysis of specific occurrences of events and practices” during the learning process, which were captured on film during fieldwork.</p>
<p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/steemimgimgs/2016/10/15/ScreenShot2016-10-15at2.22.34PMcopy768e1.jpg" width="353" height="263"/></p>
<p><em>Above: Learning environment in</em><a href="http://communication.ucsd.edu/people/faculty/morana-alac.html"><em> </em></a><em>Alač&nbsp;&amp;</em><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hutchins"><em> </em></a><em>Hutchins (</em><a href="http://hci.ucsd.edu/102a/readings/SeeSaying.pdf"><em>2004</em></a><em>)</em></p>
<p>Using <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermeneutics">hermeneutic analyses </a>on the data, the researchers explored <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacit_knowledge">tacit knowledge</a> as a shared resource between expert and novice neuroscientists during fMRI training. They suggest shared psychological and cultural assumptions are referenced, and thus activated, during these training interactions via “gesture, language, and material structure present in the socially and culturally constituted environment” of neuroscientists.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Alač and Hutchins suggest these activations of tacit knowledge simplify the transmission of complex knowledge--fMRI skills here--from the expert to the novice. In principle, they suggest “mundane processes of situated [social] human interaction” (gesture, language, etc.) activate tacit knowledge in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schema_(psychology)">psychological </a>and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_schema_theory">cultural schemas </a>of the Neuroscientist, which inform the learning process; integrating shared assumptions and other aspects of cultural knowledge into whatever mental content is being learned (fMRI skills).</p>
<p><a href="http://communication.ucsd.edu/people/faculty/morana-alac.html">Alač</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hutchins">Hutchins</a> call this notion of tacit knowledge utilization through mundane social activity&nbsp;<strong>action as cognition</strong><em>.</em> &nbsp;</p>
<p><a href="http://hci.ucsd.edu/102a/readings/SeeSaying.pdf">Link to their paper here.</a></p>
<p>#psychology #anthropology #cognition #culture #fmri</p>
<p>Edits: Spelling, grammar</p>
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