create account

Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload by ertwro

View this thread on: hive.blog |  peakd.com |  ecency.com
science · @ertwro · (edited)
$117.57
Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload
<html>
<p>

<p><a href="https://media.wired.com/photos/592712577034dc5f91bed8d8/master/w_1000,c_limit/CorticalCircuitboard_GregDunn.jpg"><center><img src="https://i.imgur.com/Z4dkahv.jpg" alt="Connectomics" /></center></a></p>

<div class="text-justify"><p>If you have high hopes that during your lifetime you'll be able to download your brain's content into a hard drive to avoid death or to become someone else's sex robot -Hey, I don't judge- I'll introduce you to the state of the art and the science of it.</p></div>

<div class="text-justify"><p>The way the brain stores memories is theorized to be in biophysical and biochemical structures knows as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engram_(neuropsychology)">engrams</a>. The problem is where and how are they stored.</p></div>

<div class="text-justify"><p>Form and function in biology have always been hand in hand. In the macro as morphophysiology (the anatomy and its role on function) and in the micro as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_biology">structural biology</a> (how the shape of molecules affects its function). Observation and manipulation for experimentation has always been the limiting rate for understanding this relationship.</p></div>

<div class="text-justify"><p>For an organ like the brain, the observation of alterations inside the normal range is quite difficult. Outside of big and broad alterations, one can't find macro or micro differences in the anatomy.</p></div>

<div class="text-justify"><p>The problem here is one of complexity. The diversity in cell types in the central nervous system is conspicuously big. This entails an enormous diversity of structure and function that is more specialized than in other tissues.</p></div>

<div class="pull-right"><p><a href="https://i.imgur.com/cZX2Glm.png"><img src="https://i.imgur.com/cZX2Glm.png" alt="" /></a>   </p></div>

<div class="text-justify"><p>One can classify the cells in 2 big types. This as specific as saying a forest of trees (ambiguous), as there are many species of trees: 10<sup>11</sup> Neurons (signaling cells) and 50x as many glia (the supporting tissue). </p></div>

<div class="text-justify"><p>The scale of the brain goes from a dozen centimeters to a couple µm, 6 orders of magnitude. Studies of the brain are performed using imaging technology. The resolution of fMRI is of 1 cubic millimeter (1mm<sup>3</sup>). To give an idea an fMRI <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voxel">voxel</a> is 1 trillion times larger than an electron microscopy voxel (100nm<sup>3</sup>) <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1209168"><sup>[1]</sup></a></p></div>



<div class="text-justify"><p>In other organs, the feedback between function and structure is more linear, from structure to function. In the case of the brain is more circular, like a loop. As some of the functions are shaped by experience rather than by genes.</p></div>

<div class="text-justify"><p>In the human brain, in particular, there are critical periods of development. Processes like learning to walk, initiation of sexual maturity and independence take much longer in absolute and relative terms when compared to other animals. These developments are experience-dependent and are a form of outsourcing to the world for humans.</p></div>

<div class="text-justify"><p>In order to map the network of connections one first needs to be able to differentiate a particular structure. Like with any problem of high complexity accurate representation of individual structures is key.</p></div>

<div class="text-justify"><p>While techniques like the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golgi_stain">Golgi stain</a> allow representation of the structure in cross-sectional cuts to derivate 3D information the result is a mess. That allows simple classification of layers without telling us anything about individual connections. The utility of the Golgi stain is that only 5% of the neurons stain, otherwise it would be too hard to discern anything. </p></div>

<p><a href="http://cognitiveconsonance.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/stain-5.jpg"><center><img src="https://i.imgur.com/7QQZ8Bf.png" alt="" /></center></a>
<center><sup>Brain tissue only 5% stained <a href="http://cognitiveconsonance.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/stain-5.jpg">source</a></sup></center></p>

<div class="text-justify"><p>The problem of network visualization is one where computer hardware and informatics comes to aid. The complexity of the cables and the connection has been sorted by color labeling. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2008.10.040"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p></div>

<div class="pull-right"><a href="https://network.leontechgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/cablemess11.jpg"><img src="https://i.imgur.com/U3Haymm.jpg" alt="" /></a>
    <sup>[Source, my bedroom]</sup></div>

<div class="text-justify"><p>We have adapted to represent and track highly complex information with color. A recent explosion in imaging has been possible thanks to the discovery of <a href="https://steemit.com/science/@ertwro/fluorescence-microscopy-introduction">eGFP</a> and derivated fluorescent proteins. Now antibodies allow amplification and more specificity by immunofluorescence. In the case of the central nervous system you can get most color combinations through 3 markers (anti-EGFP, anti-mOrange2, and anti-mKate2) the images produced are called the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainbow">Brainbow</a><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2008.10.040"><sup>[3]</sup></a>.</p></div>

<p><center><a href="http://cbs.fas.harvard.edu/usr/connectome/brainbow/brainbow7.jpg"><img src="https://i.imgur.com/kw3QhTX.png" alt="" /></a></center>
<center><sup><a href="http://cbs.fas.harvard.edu/usr/connectome/brainbow/brainbow7.jpg">Mouse auditory system</a>. kawaii isn't it?</sup></center></p>

<div class="text-justify"><p>Using <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cre_recombinase">cre-recombinases</a> that modify highly conserved promoter regions in the DNA of neurons, tandems of genes express fluorescent proteins randomly and homogeneously inside an individual neuron. Which makes it's color hues different to their neighbors.</p></div>

<div class="text-justify"><p>This allows us to go deeper and map every synaptic vesicle at every synapsis. If there are close to 100 billion neurons and around 10.000 connections per neuron. That's roughly 10<sup>15</sup> synaptic connections. Due to the storage of data and dynamic processing one could compare it to a 1.000 terabytes computer hard drive with a 1 trillion bit per second processor. </p></div>

<p><a href="https://i.pinimg.com/originals/91/b4/d5/91b4d5e2d4c2fe6f5b114ea8fe690297.jpg"><center><img src="https://i.pinimg.com/originals/91/b4/d5/91b4d5e2d4c2fe6f5b114ea8fe690297.jpg" alt="" /></center></a>
<p><center><sup><a href="https://i.pinimg.com/originals/91/b4/d5/91b4d5e2d4c2fe6f5b114ea8fe690297.jpg">NatGeo</a> 3D map of individual synapsis</sup></center></p>

<div class="text-justify"><p>Aside from being great images as screensavers, the whole purpose of this is to create a map. Just like the Human genome project. The <a href="http://www.humanconnectomeproject.org/">Human Connectome Project</a>. A better name could be the synaptome but whatever.<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2008.08.010"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p></div>

<div class="text-justify"><p>This approach is exhausting and fastidious (1.000 trillion connections). It has the disadvantages of only being usable in dead tissue. Fortunately, a new complementary technique appeared relatively recently. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion_MRI">Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging</a>. </p></div>

<div class="pull-right"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion_MRI#/media/File:DTI-axial-ellipsoids.jpg"><img src="https://i.imgur.com/uqF7OA2.png" alt="" />wiki commons</a> Oblate spheroid voxels</div>

<div class="text-justify"><p>Water molecules inside tissues behave isotropically -equally in all directions- In the axons, due to the confined space, water behaves anisotropically. With more freedom to move in one axis, that of the direction of the axon.</p></div>

<div class="text-justify"><p>Thanks to ever more powerful magnets and graphical processing power, it is now possible to create tractograms -imaging representations of the flow of water in the axons of the white mater- which allow live anatomical mapping by a particular variety of DW-MRI know as Diffusion tension magnetic resonance.</p></div>

<div class="text-justify"><p>Here each voxel can be represented by an obloid shape that can toke one or more parameters that include a rate of difussion and a preferred direction of diffusion.</p></div>

<center><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/XntHp-zUV-E" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></center>

<div class="text-justify"><p>This type of visualization has great potential to map alterations in neuropsychiatric diseases that rely enormously on clinical criteria, despite some mathematical trade offs. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.20279"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p></div>

<div class="text-justify"><p>So the idea is to simulate a whole brain. With all its functions. If once it starts running it behaves entirely as a real human brain the ethical dilemmas are interesting. Although that dilemma could be farther away than we would like to think.</p></div>

<div class="text-justify"><p>In 2007 the BlueGene/L supercomputer of IBM simulated the equivalent of 1/2 a mouse brain for the equivalent of one second. As it was 1/10th of the speed. Current estimations of a full simulation of a human brain would require 1500x that speed and 1600 that capacity. The team of IBM expects to simulate the equivalent to a human cortex -880.000 processors- by 2019-2020.<a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6600965.stm"><sup>[6]</sup></a>,<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/1188455.1188576"><sup>[7]</sup></a> </p></div>

<div class="text-justify"><p>Another project <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Brain_Project">BlueBrain</a> by the Swiss government attempts to reverse engineer not only the processing power but to elucidate the mathematical relationships that govern the code of the brain. So far they have discovered several coding strategies of the central nervous system using algebraic topology.</p></div>

<div class="text-justify"><p>An interesting fact linking structure and function is how the project discovered that in the neocortex, structures can achieve complexities of up to 11-dimenssions.<a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3389%2Ffncom.2017.00048"><sup>[8]</sup></a> An interesting number of dimenssions for physicists or maybe just a spooky coincidence.</p></div>

<p><a href="https://media.giphy.com/media/l0FhBVSLDjURpINBS/giphy.gif"><center><img src="https://media.giphy.com/media/l0FhBVSLDjURpINBS/giphy.gif" alt="" /></center></a><center>Algebraic Topology of neural communication</center></p>

<p>So far by today's standards, we can probably simulate the processing power of a really slow dog and the encoding power of a fruit fly.</p>

<p>What does the future await? Well, uploading your brain to a computer is not 100% impossible be happy. But the complexity of it makes it all look pretty distant. Also, we don't know if the connectome is sufficient or even necessary.</p>

<p>Sucks right?</p>

<hr />

<h2 id="References:">References:</h2>

<div class="pull-left">
<p>1 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1209168">Jeff W. Lichtman, Winfried Denk. The Big and the Small: Challenges of Imaging the Brain’s Circuits. Science  04 Nov 2011: Vol. 334, Issue 6056, pp. 618-623</a></p>

<p>2 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2008.10.040">Lichtman, J. W., &amp; Smith, S. J. (2008). Seeing Circuits Assemble. Neuron, 60(3), 441–448.</a></p>

<p>3 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06293">Livet, J., Weissman, T. A., Kang, H., Draft, R. W., Lu, J., Bennis, R. A., … Lichtman, J. W. (2007). Transgenic strategies for combinatorial expression of fluorescent proteins in the nervous system. Nature, 450(7166), 56–62.</a></p>

<p>4 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2008.08.010">Lichtman, J. W., &amp; Sanes, J. R. (2008). Ome sweet ome: what can the genome tell us about the connectome? Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 18(3), 346–353.</a></p>
</div>

<div class="pull-right">
<p>5 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.20279">Tuch, D. S. (2004). Q-ball imaging. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 52(6), 1358–1372.</a></p>

<p>6 <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6600965.stm">BBC news, technology. Mouse brain simulated on computer blueGene/L.  </a></p>

<p>7 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/1188455.1188576">Yu, H., Chung, I.-H., &amp; Moreira, J. (2006). Blue Gene system software---Topology mapping for Blue Gene/L supercomputer. In Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing - SC ’06. ACM Press. </a></p>

<p>8 <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3389%2Ffncom.2017.00048">Reimann MW, Nolte M, Scolamiero M, Turner K, Perin R, Chindemi G, Dłotko P, Levi R, Hess K and Markram H (2017) Cliques of Neurons Bound into Cavities Provide a Missing Link between Structure and Function. Front. Comput. Neurosci. 11:48.</a></p>
</div>

<p><a href="https://steemit.com/science/@ertwro/forensic-approach-to-cheaters"><img src="https://steemitimages.com/DQmeSqGyaYGwwvEcz1oYgWL6v7JsVn3XA9FnWmfZF3gLVzu/image.png" alt="" /></a></p>
<p>Images referenced, sourced or modified from google images, labeled for reuse</p>

<p><center>My previous post <a href="https://steemit.com/science/@ertwro/forensic-approach-to-cheaters">↶ @ertwro</a></center></p></p>
</html>
👍  , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and 154 others
properties (23)
authorertwro
permlinkconnectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science","biology","steemstem","life","education"],"image":["https://i.imgur.com/Z4dkahv.jpg","https://i.imgur.com/cZX2Glm.png","https://i.imgur.com/7QQZ8Bf.png","https://i.imgur.com/U3Haymm.jpg","https://i.imgur.com/kw3QhTX.png","https://i.pinimg.com/originals/91/b4/d5/91b4d5e2d4c2fe6f5b114ea8fe690297.jpg","https://i.imgur.com/uqF7OA2.png","https://img.youtube.com/vi/XntHp-zUV-E/0.jpg","https://media.giphy.com/media/l0FhBVSLDjURpINBS/giphy.gif","https://steemitimages.com/DQmeSqGyaYGwwvEcz1oYgWL6v7JsVn3XA9FnWmfZF3gLVzu/image.png"],"links":["https://media.wired.com/photos/592712577034dc5f91bed8d8/master/w_1000,c_limit/CorticalCircuitboard_GregDunn.jpg","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engram_(neuropsychology)","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_biology","https://i.imgur.com/cZX2Glm.png","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voxel","https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1209168","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golgi_stain","http://cognitiveconsonance.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/stain-5.jpg","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2008.10.040","https://network.leontechgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/cablemess11.jpg","https://steemkr.com/science/@ertwro/fluorescence-microscopy-introduction","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainbow","http://cbs.fas.harvard.edu/usr/connectome/brainbow/brainbow7.jpg","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cre_recombinase","https://i.pinimg.com/originals/91/b4/d5/91b4d5e2d4c2fe6f5b114ea8fe690297.jpg","http://www.humanconnectomeproject.org/","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2008.08.010","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion_MRI","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion_MRI#/media/File:DTI-axial-ellipsoids.jpg","https://www.youtube.com/embed/XntHp-zUV-E","https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.20279","http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6600965.stm","https://doi.org/10.1145/1188455.1188576","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Brain_Project","https://dx.doi.org/10.3389%2Ffncom.2017.00048","https://media.giphy.com/media/l0FhBVSLDjURpINBS/giphy.gif","https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06293","https://steemkr.com/science/@ertwro/forensic-approach-to-cheaters"],"app":"steemkr/0.1","format":"html"}
created2017-11-03 11:38:54
last_update2017-11-04 04:27:33
depth0
children33
last_payout2017-11-10 11:38:54
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value89.402 HBD
curator_payout_value28.164 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length13,706
author_reputation16,218,721,490,777
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,343,918
net_rshares56,004,658,551,224
author_curate_reward""
vote details (218)
@bang.rabok · 
Good post
properties (22)
authorbang.rabok
permlinkre-ertwro-2017113t235823369z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":"science","app":"esteem/1.4.6","format":"markdown+html","community":"esteem"}
created2017-11-03 16:58:36
last_update2017-11-03 16:58:36
depth1
children0
last_payout2017-11-10 16:58:36
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 HBD
curator_payout_value0.000 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length9
author_reputation1,304,489,428,595
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries
0.
accountesteemapp
weight500
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,367,298
net_rshares0
@bitgeek ·
comment
Congratulations @ertwro, this post is the second most rewarded post (based on pending payouts) in the last 12 hours written by a Superuser account holder (accounts that hold between 1 and 10 Mega Vests). The total number of posts by Superuser account holders during this period was 884 and the total pending payments to posts in this category was $4255.06. To see the full list of highest paid posts across all accounts categories, [click here](www.steemit.com/steemit/@bitgeek/payout-stats-report-for-3rd-november-2017--part-i). 

If you do not wish to receive these messages in future, please reply stop to this comment.
properties (22)
authorbitgeek
permlinkre-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171103t201029
categoryscience
json_metadata""
created2017-11-03 20:10:33
last_update2017-11-03 20:10:33
depth1
children0
last_payout2017-11-10 20:10:33
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 HBD
curator_payout_value0.000 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length623
author_reputation13,049,044,453,787
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,380,162
net_rshares0
@bl0ckchained125 · 
Yo....if this is gonna be possible in my lifetime I AM OUT OF HERE. Nobody wanna see the some of the shit that i've seen hahaha
👍  
properties (23)
authorbl0ckchained125
permlinkre-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171103t132256618z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-03 13:22:57
last_update2017-11-03 13:22:57
depth1
children0
last_payout2017-11-10 13:22:57
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 HBD
curator_payout_value0.000 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length127
author_reputation151,148,531,831
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,351,230
net_rshares3,060,319,503
author_curate_reward""
vote details (1)
@brownsgreens · 
Fascinating article. Upvoted! Check out my article? https://steemit.com/gardening/@brownsgreens/the-brown-s-2017-projects-photo-dump
properties (22)
authorbrownsgreens
permlinkre-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171103t210245101z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"links":["https://steemit.com/gardening/@brownsgreens/the-brown-s-2017-projects-photo-dump"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-03 21:02:42
last_update2017-11-03 21:02:42
depth1
children0
last_payout2017-11-10 21:02:42
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 HBD
curator_payout_value0.000 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length132
author_reputation2,683,024,208,503
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,383,006
net_rshares0
@davemanchester · 
I hope this never happens....
properties (22)
authordavemanchester
permlinkre-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171103t124109728z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-03 12:41:09
last_update2017-11-03 12:41:09
depth1
children0
last_payout2017-11-10 12:41:09
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 HBD
curator_payout_value0.000 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length29
author_reputation644,748,894,211
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,348,154
net_rshares0
@davleo1119 ·
$0.06
I don't understand, why anyone would be interested in simulate a human brain, instead of creating a new human and teaching him whatever he wants. Your post was informative. Thanks
👍  ,
properties (23)
authordavleo1119
permlinkre-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171105t152308590z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-05 15:23:09
last_update2017-11-05 15:23:09
depth1
children0
last_payout2017-11-12 15:23:09
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.045 HBD
curator_payout_value0.011 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length179
author_reputation289,681,761,616
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,526,250
net_rshares27,680,834,447
author_curate_reward""
vote details (2)
@everittdmickey ·
$0.02
_by today's standards, we can probably simulate the processing power of a really slow dog and the encoding power of a fruit fly_.

what does that tell us about the immediate danger of rouge AI?
👍  
properties (23)
authoreverittdmickey
permlinkre-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171103t172328240z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-03 17:23:27
last_update2017-11-03 17:23:27
depth1
children1
last_payout2017-11-10 17:23:27
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.020 HBD
curator_payout_value0.004 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length193
author_reputation237,810,557,737,590
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,369,048
net_rshares11,943,701,215
author_curate_reward""
vote details (1)
@ertwro · 
As an AI is a stupid machine in an environment optimised for them. Not in vain the joke goes: you call it AI for investors (money)  and Machine Learning for developers (patience). That much power could be enough, specially since the release of alphago zero (a machine that teaches itself without any input)

Just imagine a wild dog with access to simple buttons to deploy nukes.

The singularity is probably super far away. But one can know what takes from 1 to n. But from 0 to 1 it just needs a dedicated genius.
properties (22)
authorertwro
permlinkre-everittdmickey-re-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171103t174714993z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-03 17:47:18
last_update2017-11-03 17:47:18
depth2
children0
last_payout2017-11-10 17:47:18
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 HBD
curator_payout_value0.000 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length514
author_reputation16,218,721,490,777
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,370,698
net_rshares0
@hasan24 · 
nice my friend pliss vote and follow me
properties (22)
authorhasan24
permlinkre-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171103t145523671z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-03 14:55:15
last_update2017-11-03 14:55:15
depth1
children0
last_payout2017-11-10 14:55:15
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 HBD
curator_payout_value0.000 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length39
author_reputation-13,892,247,151
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,358,097
net_rshares0
@justtryme90 · (edited)
$0.06
> Observation an manipulation for experimentation has always been

Observation and...

> this as specific as saying a forest of threes, as there are many species of threes

I don't follow, a forest of threes? What?

> cre-recombinases

A link to what these are for further reading?

>  This allows to go deeper

This allows us...

> processing power, now are possible to create tractograms

processing power, it is now possible to create...
👍  , ,
properties (23)
authorjusttryme90
permlinkre-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171103t115008350z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-03 11:50:09
last_update2017-11-03 11:54:09
depth1
children5
last_payout2017-11-10 11:50:09
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.050 HBD
curator_payout_value0.007 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length440
author_reputation140,118,479,939,905
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,344,602
net_rshares27,526,845,397
author_curate_reward""
vote details (3)
@ertwro ·
$0.05
Thanks for your help. I have no excuse.
👍  , ,
properties (23)
authorertwro
permlinkre-justtryme90-re-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171103t120615866z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-03 12:05:51
last_update2017-11-03 12:05:51
depth2
children1
last_payout2017-11-10 12:05:51
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.037 HBD
curator_payout_value0.010 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length39
author_reputation16,218,721,490,777
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,345,642
net_rshares23,732,129,145
author_curate_reward""
vote details (3)
@justtryme90 ·
$0.11
You don't need one.
👍  , ,
properties (23)
authorjusttryme90
permlinkre-ertwro-re-justtryme90-re-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171103t120632142z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-03 12:06:33
last_update2017-11-03 12:06:33
depth3
children0
last_payout2017-11-10 12:06:33
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.098 HBD
curator_payout_value0.007 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length19
author_reputation140,118,479,939,905
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,345,695
net_rshares50,790,322,607
author_curate_reward""
vote details (3)
@rebeccabe ·
$0.05
@justrryme90 got to love you for your mind  🚀...hey it was still a fun post...ok I admit I scanned the post ....I agree with you on these points @justtryme90 ... better hop over and visit your steemit mind sometimes... interesting word tractograms...wow what are those?  ok.. I love looking words up too ..
👍  
properties (23)
authorrebeccabe
permlinkre-justtryme90-re-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171103t124233034z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"users":["justrryme90","justtryme90"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-03 12:42:30
last_update2017-11-03 12:42:30
depth2
children2
last_payout2017-11-10 12:42:30
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.045 HBD
curator_payout_value0.000 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length306
author_reputation18,143,162,511,159
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,348,229
net_rshares22,070,565,797
author_curate_reward""
vote details (1)
@justtryme90 · (edited)
$0.05
I'm just trying to provide some editorial suggestions to improve quality and ease of readability
👍  
properties (23)
authorjusttryme90
permlinkre-rebeccabe-re-justtryme90-re-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171103t124502892z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-03 12:45:03
last_update2017-11-03 12:45:21
depth3
children1
last_payout2017-11-10 12:45:03
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.036 HBD
curator_payout_value0.011 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length96
author_reputation140,118,479,939,905
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,348,403
net_rshares23,814,279,923
author_curate_reward""
vote details (1)
@moritzaa ·
$0.07
When uploading on computer will be possible for common people I will be already death for at lest 5 minutes.

Interesting article anyway, thank you!
👍  , , ,
properties (23)
authormoritzaa
permlinkre-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171103t121447521z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-03 12:14:45
last_update2017-11-03 12:14:45
depth1
children2
last_payout2017-11-10 12:14:45
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.057 HBD
curator_payout_value0.010 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length148
author_reputation31,666,947,156
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,346,326
net_rshares33,405,620,019
author_curate_reward""
vote details (4)
@ertwro · 
Who knows if any of us will ever benefit or if its good at all. At least I don't.
👍  ,
properties (23)
authorertwro
permlinkre-moritzaa-re-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171103t123033078z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-03 12:30:06
last_update2017-11-03 12:30:06
depth2
children0
last_payout2017-11-10 12:30:06
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 HBD
curator_payout_value0.000 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length81
author_reputation16,218,721,490,777
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,347,407
net_rshares1,129,369,223
author_curate_reward""
vote details (2)
@rebeccabe · 
I agree it was a fun read...we all need to relax ..we are in Steemit not a convention for smarties...lol.. you guys are fun anyway.  👍
properties (22)
authorrebeccabe
permlinkre-moritzaa-re-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171103t124347590z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-03 12:43:45
last_update2017-11-03 12:43:45
depth2
children0
last_payout2017-11-10 12:43:45
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 HBD
curator_payout_value0.000 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length134
author_reputation18,143,162,511,159
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,348,310
net_rshares0
@mountainwashere ·
$0.05
This is all super cool, but no way I could keep up with this kind of research! I'm definitely better suited to rocks. :)
👍  
properties (23)
authormountainwashere
permlinkre-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171103t185942024z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-03 18:59:45
last_update2017-11-03 18:59:45
depth1
children0
last_payout2017-11-10 18:59:45
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.035 HBD
curator_payout_value0.012 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length120
author_reputation29,738,390,641,041
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,375,773
net_rshares22,679,612,419
author_curate_reward""
vote details (1)
@myeasin · 
Thanks For Your Good Information I Like This.
properties (22)
authormyeasin
permlinkre-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171103t130935080z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-03 13:09:42
last_update2017-11-03 13:09:42
depth1
children0
last_payout2017-11-10 13:09:42
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 HBD
curator_payout_value0.000 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length45
author_reputation4,211,257,657,410
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,350,241
net_rshares0
@nashwildcard · 
Wow, you put a lot into this, very complex. I have read and watched a lot of videos by Dr. Caroline Leaf regarding how the brain works and how to reprogram one's brain, it is fascinating. I believe the brain is built for eternity, heaven or hell, it's way too much to go into, however, the vastness is easier to comprehend looking at it from an eternal perspective. You can check out the videos on Youtube for more information.
properties (22)
authornashwildcard
permlinkre-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171103t150409235z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-03 15:04:06
last_update2017-11-03 15:04:06
depth1
children0
last_payout2017-11-10 15:04:06
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 HBD
curator_payout_value0.000 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length427
author_reputation119,674,558,165
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,358,787
net_rshares0
@new-world-dad ·
$0.02
We always talk about how a lot of us would have a lot of explaining to our children to do if we had cell phones and facebook in the 80s. I guess if this brain mapping idea ever comes to fruition, I will have some explaining to do anyway.
👍  
properties (23)
authornew-world-dad
permlinkre-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171103t121741800z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-03 12:17:51
last_update2017-11-03 12:17:51
depth1
children0
last_payout2017-11-10 12:17:51
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.018 HBD
curator_payout_value0.005 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length237
author_reputation39,363,472,754
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,346,553
net_rshares11,278,455,651
author_curate_reward""
vote details (1)
@pearlumie · 
This is so on point...Nice post
properties (22)
authorpearlumie
permlinkre-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171108t095229899z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-08 09:52:39
last_update2017-11-08 09:52:39
depth1
children0
last_payout2017-11-15 09:52:39
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 HBD
curator_payout_value0.000 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length31
author_reputation39,676,415,175,911
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,767,894
net_rshares0
@rakan-steem · 
Sa
properties (22)
authorrakan-steem
permlinkre-ertwro-2017114t0347711z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":"science","app":"esteem/1.4.6","format":"markdown+html","community":"esteem"}
created2017-11-03 17:03:57
last_update2017-11-03 17:03:57
depth1
children0
last_payout2017-11-10 17:03:57
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 HBD
curator_payout_value0.000 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length2
author_reputation171,632,723,095
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries
0.
accountesteemapp
weight500
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,367,690
net_rshares0
@rebeccabe ·
$0.04
Enjoyed ... upvoted and followed... nice to meet you.
Thanks for screensaver of the 3D map of individual synapsis.
The 11 dimensions mention is nice touch.
 111 is a very sipritual connection for me so I like the reference to the number 11.

I occassionally post on neuro and quantum physics, etc.  Great stuff..my hobby... I am little person in a big world loving it.
❝How can anyone possibly get bored with people like you around?❞

👍
👍  
properties (23)
authorrebeccabe
permlinkre-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171103t123752035z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-03 12:37:51
last_update2017-11-03 12:37:51
depth1
children0
last_payout2017-11-10 12:37:51
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.034 HBD
curator_payout_value0.010 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length436
author_reputation18,143,162,511,159
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,347,927
net_rshares21,751,573,683
author_curate_reward""
vote details (1)
@rubai18 · 
thanks for share. resteem this post.
properties (22)
authorrubai18
permlinkre-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171104t162104625z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-04 16:21:09
last_update2017-11-04 16:21:09
depth1
children0
last_payout2017-11-11 16:21:09
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 HBD
curator_payout_value0.000 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length36
author_reputation1,470,615,377,148
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,447,229
net_rshares0
@rudyardcatling · 
i doubt my brain will ever fit in a digital environment .. i don't even see that happen in a qubit system with three states ... i'm quite an analogue person with about an infinite number of states between zero and one so thats gonna be frackin hard to approximate in a closed binary dataset

nice story tho 

viewed, voted, commented, and re-steemed ... 

anyone follows me i'll follow back within a few days
properties (22)
authorrudyardcatling
permlinkre-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171103t171146567z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-03 17:11:45
last_update2017-11-03 17:11:45
depth1
children0
last_payout2017-11-10 17:11:45
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 HBD
curator_payout_value0.000 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length408
author_reputation26,008,424,748,431
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,368,254
net_rshares0
@santhoshreddy · 
Brain mapping is a set of neuroscience techniques predicated on the mapping of (biological) quantities or properties onto spatial representations of the (human or non-human) brain resulting in maps.
👍  
properties (23)
authorsanthoshreddy
permlinkre-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171104t215152926z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-04 21:52:00
last_update2017-11-04 21:52:00
depth1
children0
last_payout2017-11-11 21:52:00
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 HBD
curator_payout_value0.000 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length198
author_reputation160,188,811,954
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,468,839
net_rshares609,294,946
author_curate_reward""
vote details (1)
@terenceplizga ·
$0.05
The link for reference #8 appears to be broken.
👍  
properties (23)
authorterenceplizga
permlinkre-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171104t023622609z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-04 02:38:33
last_update2017-11-04 02:38:33
depth1
children2
last_payout2017-11-11 02:38:33
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.035 HBD
curator_payout_value0.012 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length47
author_reputation393,106,184,435
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,399,701
net_rshares22,557,187,523
author_curate_reward""
vote details (1)
@ertwro · 
Fixed. Thanks for noticing.
👍  
properties (23)
authorertwro
permlinkre-terenceplizga-re-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171104t042955642z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-04 04:28:48
last_update2017-11-04 04:28:48
depth2
children0
last_payout2017-11-11 04:28:48
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 HBD
curator_payout_value0.000 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length27
author_reputation16,218,721,490,777
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,405,043
net_rshares639,509,677
author_curate_reward""
vote details (1)
@terenceplizga · 
Thanks.  I really need to read that paper.  I've been thinking quite a bit about backpropagation in neural networks lately, and how implausible it would be for a biological system to do it.   I'm hoping that neuroscience eventually gives us more information about brain micro-structure, which may give some hints as to what's really going on.  

And they don't really need to map the entire brain.  Getting good detail on the visual pathway would be a great start.  Then it would be nice to tie that into the part of the brain that holds onto a short term 3D model of our immediate surroundings to control body movement.  I'm convinced that the two are very tightly bound.  

On the topic of uploading one's brain into a machine, I'm relieved we are no where close to making that happen.  Besides, I can't think of a worse type of prison:  being able to think but not actively engage with one's surrounding environment.  Just ask someone with a significant physical disability (blindness, complete loss of muscle control) ... it's the terror of being "trapped inside."  And the whole idea reminds me of a particular H.P. Lovecraft short story that still gives me some anxiety.  LOL
👍  
properties (23)
authorterenceplizga
permlinkre-terenceplizga-re-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171104t051052970z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-04 05:13:03
last_update2017-11-04 05:13:03
depth2
children0
last_payout2017-11-11 05:13:03
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 HBD
curator_payout_value0.000 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length1,181
author_reputation393,106,184,435
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,407,232
net_rshares3,108,640,337
author_curate_reward""
vote details (1)
@zycr22 · (edited)
$0.05
Great post! This reminded me of Nick Bostrom's slightly scary book on Superintelligence. 

We are quite a long way from being able to upload a brain of any organism and that is probably a good thing. The major problem appears to be the difficulty in the creation of a neurocomputational model. The technological challenges in scanning and processing are there, but the technology we have should be enough for extremely simple brains. [The OpenWorm project](http://www.artificialbrains.com/openworm), whose goal is to simulate the brain of an organism that has only 302 neurons, shows us exactly how complicated this process can be.
👍  
properties (23)
authorzycr22
permlinkre-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171103t141812970z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"links":["http://www.artificialbrains.com/openworm"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-03 14:18:15
last_update2017-11-03 14:19:45
depth1
children1
last_payout2017-11-10 14:18:15
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.035 HBD
curator_payout_value0.011 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length631
author_reputation8,970,874,031,227
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,355,389
net_rshares22,154,380,603
author_curate_reward""
vote details (1)
@ertwro · 
Precisely. Of course, the connectome of C. elegans is entirely finished and has been simulated for seconds as a proof of concept. The motor function of the process that is the only part being simulated as far as I can tell is at the moment at 30% at best. A stable simulation seems super distant.
properties (22)
authorertwro
permlinkre-zycr22-re-ertwro-connectomics-brain-mapping-for-upload-20171104t043901821z
categoryscience
json_metadata{"tags":["science"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
created2017-11-04 04:37:42
last_update2017-11-04 04:37:42
depth2
children0
last_payout2017-11-11 04:37:42
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 HBD
curator_payout_value0.000 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length296
author_reputation16,218,721,490,777
root_title"Connectomics: Brain-Mapping for Upload"
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id19,405,430
net_rshares0
Help/Feedback