# SMALLEST & SHORTEST

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<center>https://gateway.ipfs.io/ipfs/QmQV1qzKo1Y1b8wGqW93cxSBDc8kQZE9iKScpc2w1UUrE2
</center><center><sub>[*Pixabay:CC0 Creative Commons
Free for commercial use*](https://pixabay.com/en/bars-pipes-grid-building-1191673/)</sub></center>

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By the end of the 1890s, physicist Max Planck proposed a set of units to simplify the mathematical expressions of physics laws. Using only five constants in Nature (including speed of light and gravitational constant), everyone could have reached the same point. You, me and even others living in other galaxies could get these Planck units. Because when they were written in Planck units, these five basic constants were *"1"*.

Planck units are based not only on a specific object or particle but also on the properties of free space. The universal constants that these units normalize to 1 according to the definition are Light of speed in the vacuum (c), the gravitational constant (G), the reduced Planck constant (ħ), the Coulomb constant (1 / 4πε0) and the Boltzmann constant (kB).

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<center>https://gateway.ipfs.io/ipfs/QmVVyfbWbMoriT2qQa8kUZk7HjtAgEYX9hbPFRhFoKtKK8
</center><center><sub>[*Pixabay:CC0 Creative Commons
Free for commercial use*](https://pixabay.com/en/cell-fiber-quantum-foam-3056703/)</sub></center>

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The dimensions of the basic Planck units are Length, mass, temperature, time and charge. For example, the proton is 100 million trillion times larger than the Planck length. If we think of the proton in the size of the observable universe, Planck's length will only be the distance between Tokio and Chicago. Although a distance of 14 hours on the plane may seem long at first glance, if you think about the size of the universe, it is a very small range.

**The Planck scale was developed from a set of universal fixed paths. Later on, it was shocking to see that these limits were also the limits of application of known laws of physics at the same time. For example, Planck did not mean a shorter distance than its length; When it came to that size, the known physics collapsed. The Planck scale meant that the universe had a minimum limit, and below that minimum physical laws were coming out of the law.**

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<center>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Old_Clock_Close_Up.jpg
</center><center><sub>[*By Illymarry CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons*](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Old_Clock_Close_Up.jpg)</sub></center>

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The physicists do not know exactly what the Planck scale is, but there are some estimates. Some theoretical particle physicists think that the four basic forces of nature (electromagnetic, gravitational, weak nuclear and strong nuclear forces) are united at this level of energy and come to be indistinguishable from each other. Furthermore, quantum gravitation and superstrings are likely to be dominant in the Planck energy scale.

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### References

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* <sub>*BilimFili [“Planck Ölçeği”](https://bilimfili.com/planckolcegi/)*</sub>
* <sub>*Symmetry Magazine, [“The Planck scale”](http://www.symmetrymagazine.org/article/the-planck-scale)*</sub>