### Introduction

Good day Steemians and STEM lovers right here is my additional allotment on OS. I made a previous post which I classified as allotment one, in that post I talked about the definition of an operating system, types, basic of a kernel, and popular PC operating systems, if you'll want to examine it [click here](https://steemit.com/steemstem/@horpey/operating-system-our-all-day-operation-591db32f0bd5).
In today's post, I need to make more enlightenment to OS. 


### What is Operating System?

Operating system is what we use in our numerous devices, it is a software that allows us to perform special tasks, it takes in our input, ships it to the hardware, and returned the result to us at the show display screen.

you will be wondering what makes up the operating gadget, how it is made, what it takes to make it work with machines but before that allow me to point out the popular mobile operating system as I have mentioned for a computer in the preceding post.

### Popular Mobile Operating System 

#### <center>Android</center>

<div class="pull-left"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Android_Oreo_8.1_screenshot.png/270px-Android_Oreo_8.1_screenshot.png" /> 
<center><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Android_Oreo_8.1_screenshot.png">Android Oreo 8.1 Screenshot: Wikimedia</a></center> </div>

Android is the most popular and most used cell tool operating device within the international, I bet you are reading this submit along with your Android tool *wink 😉*. 

Android operating system is an operating system available for mobile devices which include mobile phones, tablet computers, and netbooks.

Android turned into initially evolved with the aid of Rich Miner, Andy Rubin and Nick Sears below the call “Android, inc”, bus was later bought by Google (the search engine and ad. tech giant) in 2005, given that then it has been evolved underneath the name “Google; open handset alliance” ever due to the fact that - a consortium of hardware, software program, and telecommunication companies dedicated to advancing open requirements for cell devices.

Google has extended Android to distinct devices such as Smartphones, tablet computers, smart TVs  (Android TV), Android Auto and smartwatches (Wear OS) with a precise user interface and it's extensively utilized on game consoles, digital cameras.

#### <center>iOS</center>
<div class="pull-left"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9e/IOS_11_Homescreen_iPhone_7_Plus.png" /> 
<center><a href="">Homescreen of iOS 11: Wikimedia</a></center> </div>

iOS gadgets are one of the maximum expensive cell gadgets within the phrase, at the beginning called the iPhone OS, the call turned into changed with the advent of the iPad.
iOS cell operating machine is advanced by means of apple inc. unveiled in 2007, iOS is available for iPod Touch, iPhone, and iPad.

iOS uses a multi-touch interface in which easy gestures are used to operate the tool, such as swiping your finger across the display screen to move to the following page or pinching your hands to zoom out. there are over 2 million iOS apps available for download inside the Apple App Store.

#### <center>Windows</center>

<div class="pull-left"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/90/Winmo65.PNG" /> 
<center><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Winmo65.PNG#mw-jump-to-license">Screenshot Of Windows Mobile 6.5 :Wikimedia</a></center> </div>

Windows mobile operating system gadget is the most less treasured OS for cell phone inside the mobile marketing world.

Windows mobile operating system is now discontinued by Microsoft. Despite the fact Windows was released in the year 2000, that was five years before Android suffice,  Windows has failed to develop a substantial mobile operating system which made them discontinued on the eleventh of July, 2017.

However windows will still give support to it mobile users until 2020, apps like Whatsapp, Messenger will continue to get updates. However, there won’t be any new feature update or a new phone with current Windows Phone OS.

![steemit-border](https://img.esteem.ws/av4tt0mlsg.png) 
*after the quick tale on the most popular mobile operating system, allow us to circulate the real topic of the day;*

### Learn to Build OS
<div class="pull-right"><img src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/03/07/13/02/thought-2123970_1280.jpg" /> 
<center><a href="https://pixabay.com/en/thought-idea-innovation-imagination-2123970/">idea 💡: Pixabay</a></center> </div>

Writing an OS software isn't always a newbie's assignment. In truth, writing an OS is generally taken into consideration the hardest programming challenge.

Before you can determine to build an OS, the listing of factors you need to understand could be very long, to see [click here](https://wiki.osdev.org/Required_Knowledge), but here I'm able to list out the maximum important belongings you need to grasp prior to leaping into OS development:

- You must have a basic computer science knowledge

- You have to be an equipped and experienced programmer

- You need to deeply know how processors, hardware, and computer packages work together to make it up as an OS.

#### How OS is made
<div class="pull-left"><img src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/11/24/20/48/programming-1857236_1280.jpg" /> 
<center><a href="https://pixabay.com/en/programming-computer-environment-1857236/">Codes: Pixabay</a></center> </div>

*Nothingness, OS is made through Computer  Programing Languages;* 
   
> Programming language is a bunch of codes compiled up and given to a computer to do the told challenge.

**Computer programming used for building up operating systems** are *Low-level* and a *high-level programming languages.*

Processors run binary Machine Code.  A low-level language, [Assembly](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_language) is the language that represents Machine Code, each type of CPU speaks a machine language and there is just one corresponding assembly language for each type of CPU. 

Operating System requirements became too arduous to implement purely in Assembly mainly because of its portability to another machine/CPU, so a higher level language [C](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)) abstraction was required and was invented by [Dennis Richie](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie) at Bell Lab when he was working on Unix operating system in 1969 and 1973 at Bell Labs, C is one such abstraction. C is a very popular language which can directly generate Machine Code, without requiring you to write the entire OS in Assembly, it works with multiple computer architectures. With this I would recommend, you learn C for operating system development. Meanwhile, other high-level languages such as C++ and Python can also be used to build up an operating system.

Some people classify C as low level why some classify as high-level language but It's completely context dependent.

> Compared to PHP, C is low level and compared to x86 assembly, C is a high level

![steemit-border](https://img.esteem.ws/av4tt0mlsg.png) 
### Operating System Components
The specific additives utilized in operating systems are;

- The kernel
- System programs

### Kernel
<div class="pull-right"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/170pxKernel.png" /> 
<center><a href="https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:170pxKernel.png#mw-jump-to-license">Kernel by Rawan alkhannan: wikimedia</a></center> </div>

As I have explained in the first part that kernel is the most important part of an operating system, it's written to communicate your instruction from software to the hardware as it's shown on the right image, it's the primary program loaded whilst the PC starts up, it manages computer resources, and it handles requests from system applications and programs.

### System Programs
System programs run on top of the kernel. They are the applications necessary to connect the kernel to user packages and peripheral gadgets. 
> Device drivers, file systems, networking programs, and system utilities are examples of system programs.


### Operating System and Programming Language Used
**Linux**
C Language and some parts in Assembly Language. [source](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel#History)

**Unix**
C Language and some parts in Assembly Language. [source](https://digital-domain.net/lug/unix-linux-history.html)

**Windows**
C, C++, C# Languages and some parts in Assembly Language. [source](https://social.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/65a1fe05-9c1d-48bf-bd40-148e6b3da9f1/what-programming-language-is-windows-written-in?forum=windowshpcacademic)

**Mac OS X**
Cocoa mostly in Objective-C Language. The Kernel is written in C Language and some parts in Assembly Language. [source](https://developer.apple.com/macos/)

![steemit-border](https://img.esteem.ws/av4tt0mlsg.png) 
### Conclusion
Operating system is developed through programming languages by experienced programmers, a computer scientist who knows how hardware and software works, all operating systems require a kernel for communicating hardware and system programs to connect the kernel to user packages and peripheral devices, most operating systems are written and developed in C Language.


`Thanks for touring my weblog, your remark and evaluation are welcome.`

### REFERENCES
***

- [C is low/high level language - Softwareengineer](https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/303117/is-c-programming-language-low-level-or-high-level)
- [ PL used for OS- stackoverflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/580292/what-languages-are-windows-mac-os-x-and-linux-written-in)
- [android - wikipedia](https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system))
- [ios - wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS)
- [what is ios - lifewire](https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-ios-1994355)
- [windows mobile os - wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Mobile)
- [how to develop os - Whoishostngthis](https://www.whoishostingthis.com/resources/os-development/)

***
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