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Linux Operating System: 
Linux is a family of free and open-source software operating systems built around the Linux kernel. Typically, Linux is packaged in a form known as a Linux distribution for both desktop and server use. Linux is developed by Linus Torvalds. 

Versions of Linux: 
1. Ubantu
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Ubantu is a free and open source operating system and Linux distribution based on Debian. Ubuntu is offered in three official editions: Ubuntu Desktop for personal computers, Ubuntu Server for servers.  Ubantu is developed by Canonical Ltd., Ubuntu community. following programming languages are used in Ubantu Python, Java, C, C++, C#. 
2. CentOs
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CentOS is a Linux distribution that provides a free, enterprise-class, community-supported computing platform functionally compatible with its upstream source, Red Hat Enterprise Linux. CentOs is developed by The CentOS Project; (affiliated with Red Hat). 
3. Debian
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Debian is a Unix-like computer operating system that is composed entirely of free software, and packaged by a group of individuals participating in the Debian Project. The Debian Project was first announced on August 16, 1993 by Ian Murdock. Debian is developed by Debian Project (Software in the Public Interest).
4. Fedora
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Fedora is a Linux distribution developed by the community-supported Fedora Project and sponsored by Red Hat. Fedora contains software distributed under various free and open-source licenses and aims to be on the leading edge of such technologies.Fedora is developed by Fedora Project (sponsored by Red Hat). 
5. Slackware
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Slackware is a Linux distribution created by Patrick Volkerding in 1993. Originally based on Softlanding Linux System, Slackware has been the basis for many other Linux distributions.
6. Mint
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Mint is a community-driven Linux distribution based on Debian and Ubuntu that strives to be a "modern, elegant and comfortable operating system which is both powerful and easy to use. Developed by Clément Lefèbvre, Jamie Boo Birse, Kendall Weaver, and community.
7. Xubuntu
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Xubuntu is a Canonical Ltd.–recognized, community-maintained derivative of the Ubuntu operating system. The name Xubuntu is a portmanteau of Xfce and Ubuntu, as it uses the Xfce desktop environment, instead of Ubuntu's GNOME desktop.
8. Arch
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Arch Linux is a Linux distribution for computers based on x86-64 architectures. Arch Linux is composed predominantly of free and open-source software, and supports community involvement and this is developed by Aaron Griffin.
9. OpenSUSE
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openSUSE, formerly SUSE Linux and SuSE Linux Professional, is a Linux-based project and distribution sponsored by SUSE Linux GmbH and other companies. It is widely used throughout the world.
10. Red Hat
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Red Hat Linux, assembled by the company Red Hat, was a widely used Linux distribution until its discontinuation in 2004. Early releases of Red Hat Linux were called Red Hat Commercial Linux. Red Hat published the first non-beta release in May 1995.
12. Kali
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Kali Linux is a Debian-derived Linux distribution designed for digital forensics and penetration testing. It is maintained and funded by Offensive Security Ltd. Mati Aharoni, Devon Kearns and Raphaël Hertzog are the core developers.
13. Kubuntu
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Kubuntu is an official flavour of the Ubuntu operating system which uses the KDE Plasma Desktop instead of the GNOME desktop environment. As part of the Ubuntu project, Kubuntu uses the same underlying systems.
14. Solus
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Solus is an independent desktop operating system based on the Linux kernel. It is offered as a curated rolling release model under the slogan "Install Today. Updates Forever.
15. Zorin
Zorin release in July 1, 2009 and its also used in various Linux OS. 

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