<center><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/-LOVE-love-36983825-1680-1050.jpg"></center> The science of purposeful human action is called praxeology. The action axiom is the principle from which all other praxeological insights are logically deduced. The action axiom is simple: individuals engage in purposeful action to relieve their own feelings of uneasiness. All praxeological insights are logically deduced from this axiom. The scope of praxeology includes, but isn't limited to: - Ethics - Economics - Liberty - Slavery - Family - War - Love - Games Praxeological knowledge is acquired through introspection and logical deduction; not empirical observation. Empiricism is for the scientific study of objects for which we have no first hand knowledge. Unlike that which is the subject of empirical study (like the movement of celestial bodies), no one can claim to lack first hand knowledge of purposeful human action without simultaneously engaging in purposeful human action, thus constituting a performative contraction. Ethics and economics are the most thoroughly understood subjects within the scope of praxeology, but I want to draw your attention to love for a moment. Depending on the situation, love can either increase or decrease felt uneasiness. As Ayn Rand infamously pointed out, love is an involuntary reaction to virtue. It is the payment one gives or receives in exchange for virtue. Affection and affinity can occur absent virtue, but love cannot. This means that there's no such thing as "unconditional love". The condition on which the expression of love depends is the presence of virtue. Critics might object and say that some parents have unconditional love for their children. While it may be accepted that these parents really do love their children a lot, their love is still dependent on the the conditions that the children in question are theirs, and also on the virtue of said children. Children may be perceived as virtuous as a consequence of being born in a state of incapacity but things don't always remain that way, as evidenced by the overwhelming prevalence of child abuse, which is euphemistically called "spanking", and which still occurs in more than 70% of households. It is not to be taken literally when someone says they love others "unconditionally". People often love each other and that love is often powerful and profound, but it is never unconditional. Given that love requires virtue, "unconditional love" is a logical contradiction in terms.
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Part of the challenge here is that the definition provided is only one narrow subcategory of love. The ancient Greeks, and many other cultures, had several words for love. There is a lustful love (eros), companion love (phileo), agape (love based on the character of the one who loves, not on the recipient = unconditional), and at least two more that escape me right now. Our English is very poor at expressing things accurately, when it comes to love. The love in the OP definition could just as readily be ascribed to infatuation. It's really not necessarily love at all. In fact, it could just be an emotional focus on what one gets from a relationship. Love is not necessarily a passive verb. It is often an active one. And it can require work on the part of the one who gives it. In order to do love justice, from the perspective of studying the conditionality of it, much more needs to be brought to the table. There are a lot of things I'd quote Rand on, but this is one area where she was off her rocker. :) Thanks for your continued insights. I enjoy them.
author | anotherjoe |
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Thanks man, likewise. > The love in the OP definition could just as readily be ascribed to infatuation. It's really not necessarily love at all. I disagree. Infatuation could be a reaction to physical attractiveness or relative opulence. I'm not a huge Ayn Rand fan but I agree with her on selfishness and love.
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I don't think it is a contradiction. I think it is a goal to strive toward: loving others unconditionally. Loving someone no matter what they do/say is loving them without conditions but of course none of us are perfect and are not able to love in this way.. great post tho nice topic :)
author | doitvoluntarily |
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Unconditional love, as I understood it, was loving someone just by the virtue (yes, virtue) of them *being.* This "act" of being is a prerequisite for anyone born into this world. I would call the love I have for my son unconditional. To say that this love (which is another term not well-defined here, I feel) is "conditional" because it is based on the condition of him being my son, seems to render the whole argument silly either way. Everything is based on the condition of existence in the first place. I think "love" and "unconditional" here may potentiate the opening of a whole can of semantic worms. All that said, I also agree with Rand.
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> This "act" of being is a prerequisite for anyone born into this world. I appreciate the quotes on "act" because, as I'm sure we can both agree, "being" isn't an action undertaken to reduce felt uneasiness. It's not a prerequisite of being born; being born is a prerequisite of being, as are conception and gestation. Conception, gestation and birth are also prerequisites of purposeful action, but not sufficient on their own to demonstrate the purposeful action of a fetus or infant. > I would call the love I have for my son unconditional. I know you would. I anticipated the love a parent has for their child in the original article. > To say that this love (which is another term not well-defined here, I feel) is "conditional" because it is based on the condition of him being my son, seems to render the whole argument silly either way. Everything is based on the condition of existence in the first place. - I defined "love" as an involuntary reaction to virtue. If we need to hash out the definitions of "reaction" or "virtue", we can. I think this definition itself is sufficient, though. - You're oscillating between "being my son" and "being" as though they were the same thing. I'm not arguing that your love for your son presupposes your son's existence - of course it does; I'm saying it is a condition of your son's relation to you, and of your son's virtue. If your son stabbed every moving thing he saw with a kitchen knife, you'd feel differently about him. If your son had somehow been born to a different set of parents, you'd feel differently about him (if you were aware of him at all). Of course he wouldn't even be yours in that circumstance, but the point is that billions of children exist. There are conditions as to why you feel the way you do about your son but not those other children. If there wasn't, you'd have the same love for all children that you do for your own. > Everything is based on the condition of existence in the first place. Just to reiterate, this isn't my claim. Calling a claim I didn't make silly is not really an argument. > I think "love" and "unconditional" here may potentiate the opening of a whole can of semantic worms. I personally think there is more wiggle room in "virtue" and "reaction", as noted above. I didn't bother to nail those terms down for the purpose of this article but I don't disagree that I'm opening a semantic can of words. :-) > All that said, I also agree with Rand. I know we're just nitpicking. And I'm sure you love your son very much. Thanks for the response man!
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I appreciate and stand rebutted in regard to a lot of what you said. You mentioned that I would feel differently if he was stabbing everyone with a knife. The funny thing is, as far as that deep love is concerned, no, I wouldn't. Maybe one has to be a parent to understand this. I would want to help him as much as I could and find the reason for the behavior, as well as stop it. My love for him would not change.
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The above argument is clouded by the lack of a rigorous definition of "love." What are we talking about? Nonetheless... While Ayn Rand denigrates altruism, Richard Dawkins makes a scientific argument explaining the value of altruism for the survival of genes in _The Selfish Gene_. ### To simplify MY point, one's perspective is important. Western thinking seeks empirical explanations of a phenomenon like "love.". The individual is paramount and explanations of "love" based on "individuals engage in purposeful action to relieve their own feelings of uneasiness" make sense. On the other hand, in Buddhist philosophy (i.e. enlightenment) we see the concept of everything being part of a whole and connected to everything else. In this mode of being (easier said than done considering human nature), valuing the whole (Being) over the individual makes perfect sense. 
author | transhuman |
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> Western thinking seeks empirical explanations of a phenomenon like "love.". The individual is paramount and explanations of "love" based on "individuals engage in purposeful action to relieve their own feelings of uneasiness" make sense. I don't mean to be rude but it looks like you skimmed what I wrote without taking its meaning. I'm explicitly rejecting empirical explanations of love in favor of a praxeological, or introspective explanation.
author | jaredhowe |
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I don't have a problem with my comments being taken to task. That is the essence of philosophical argument... You stated: > Praxeological knowledge is acquired through introspection and logical deduction; not empirical observation. Empiricism is for the scientific study of objects for which we have no first hand knowledge. I will argue that all introspection is based on empirical experience: what we see, hear, touch etc. Logic is learned by reading books and hearing people to learn the game of reason. All human experience is based on what we sense, including "introspection" and "logic." The source of our disagreement may be the "mind-body problem." You are dualist separating mind and body; experience versus introspection. I am a monist maintaining there is only one unifying reality, substance or essence in terms of which everything can be explained. Once again, one's perspective can have a profound effect on how you see things. **I don't dispute your reasoning I contest your perspective. There are other ways of viewing it, perhaps billions of ways.** > Given that love requires virtue, "unconditional love" is a logical contradiction in terms. Who says love requires virtue? I for one recognize "unconditional love" and for that matter consider it to be the only true "love" by definition. However, you did not define what "love" is in your argument.  <br> > I'm explicitly rejecting empirical explanations of love in favor of a praxeological, or introspective explanation. In summary, I refute your whole premise and conclusion by invoking monist thinking and point out your supposition is only valid under certain hypothetical conditions. 
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