<i>Amphetamines reduce appetite and increase bodily activity. But they come with a plethora of undesirable side-effects. But scientists have found new amphetamines without the side-effects.</i>
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Obesity is one of the disasters of modern times. The time-proven recipe of “eat less, move more” is not something modern humans like. So, amphetamines seem like the perfect tool for the problem. They are one of the very few substances that decrease your appetite, increase physical activity and endurance, and are capable of making the human body to shed some weight. Sadly, the price is too high.
Amphetamines induce euphoria and are highly addictive. Apart from this, they increase bodily temperature, heart-rate, and blood pressure. The human body does not like any of these. But now, an international team of scientists led by Ana Domingos may have found a way to circumvent this.
<h3>Brain Access Denied</h3>
Amphetamines enter the bloodstream and then pass through the blood vessel walls into nerve tissue. But not all substances that get into our bloodstream are capable of passing through the walls of the blood vessels in the brain. The brain is protected from damage by the blood-brain barrier.
The losing of weight caused by amphetamines was thought to be because of amphetamines that passed this barrier. Then we thought it acted on brain centers that regulate food intake and other metabolic actions. On the other hand, we thought that the negative effects of amphetamines were caused by its effects on the sympathetic nervous system outside of the brain.
Ana Domingos and her coworkers decided to create a new form of amphetamines that is not capable of passing through the blood-brain barrier. To do it, they went for a fairly simple way of achieving this. They added polyethylglycole to the amphetamine molecule. This is a fairly common modification that is used by pharmacists to change how drugs through the patient's body.
Experiments on mice showed strange results with the altered amphetamines. The scientists expected everything to go completely wrong. They thought that because the new amphetamines cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier that the mice will not lose weight. But since they will still reach the sympathetic nervous system they expected all the negative effects to persist.
The mice lost weight and their heart functioned the same. The changed amphetamines kept their healing properties but lost the effects that damage the blood vessels. The new amphetamines did not even increase bodily temperature.
<h3>Everything Is Different</h3>
More detailed analysis showed that the increased activity of the heart is caused by the amphetamine molecules that affect the brain. And the opposite is also true. The reduced appetite isn't caused by the amphetamines that reach the brain but the molecules that are in the blood.
When it comes to the bodily temperature here the amphetamines inside the brain led to blood vessels tightening and thus retaining more health. Again, the opposite is true – the changed amphetamine molecules cause the blood vessels to expand and increase heat radiation.
Domingos and her coworkers want to soon test the changed amphetamines in clinical tests performed on volunteers. If it goes well, then these new and modified amphetamines could become a new, effective, and safer drug against obesity.
<h4>Sources:</h4>
* https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1550413120301959?via%3Dihub
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