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Theory of high-voltage capacitor by leonid96

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· @leonid96 · (edited)
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Theory of high-voltage capacitor
![теория.jpg](https://gateway.ipfs.io/ipfs/QmYvL42hSxEnkkAvBxe4QQsZ1499v24FcmNWQE1LJ8Kd1v)

We continue to build a capacitor. For those who are interested in the topic and ask questions. A bit of theory on the basis of which I make a capacitor.
Condenser paper impregnated with a liquid dielectric and polymer films that are used as a dielectric in a capacitor. The thickness of the capacitor paper produced by the industry is from 4 micrometers to 30 micrometers.
Polymer films for industrial and high frequency capacitors use polypropylene film and for pulse capacitors it is polyethylene terephthalate (lavsan) with a density of 1400 kg / m3, which I use; or polyvinyl-denfluoride film, density of 1800 kg / m3.
Polymer films have a high electrical strength (at a constant voltage they withstand Еpr = 600-800 kV / mm), have the necessary heat resistance (melting point of about 170С) and are mechanically strong. Also, polymeric films are compatible with liquid dielectrics, but have slightly larger dielectric losses. Polyvinylidene fluoride film has an increased dielectric constant, but it has significant dielectric losses, especially at an increased frequency, so the film is used only in pulse capacitors operating in the mode of rarely repeated pulses.

Liquid dielectrics:
1. condenser oil,
2. chlorinated biphenyls,
3. Substitutes for chlorinated biphenyls,
4. Castor oil (for pulse capacitors).

In power capacitors, the most commonly used combined paper-film insulation, in which layers of condenser paper are interleaved with layers of polymer film. In this case, the paper is used as a dielectric with high electrical strength, and as a wick that draws the impregnating liquid into the interlayers between the films and ensures good impregnation in the absence of gas inclusions in the insulation. I also used several layers of condenser paper. Because the paper has defective inclusions, which are the source of breakdown. If you use two layers, the number of defects will be greater, but the probability that they will be less through.

Compared with condenser oil, chlorinated biphenyls have a number of advantages, of which the main ones are: high dielectric constant, high resistance to decomposition in the electric field, including under the influence of partial discharges, high chemical resistance, and also incombustibility. However, these fluids have significant drawbacks - toxicity and environmental hazards.

[How to make a high-voltage capacitor](https://steemit.com/life/@leonid96/how-to-make-a-high-voltage-capacitor)
[high-voltage capacitor 2](https://steemit.com/life/@leonid96/high-voltage-capacitor-2)
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