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从代码看 Bandwidth 超限问题 & 如何避免和解决 by oflyhigh

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· @oflyhigh · (edited)
$272.14
从代码看 Bandwidth 超限问题 & 如何避免和解决
# Bandwidth 机制

![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmNxVX43fvZTU2wBouQVyp9LnVcda9JnAE1DRQ6CyBvgy2/image.png)

Bandwidth  是STEEM引入用于防止滥用(SPAM)的机制。
分为以下两种:
* ***Forum Bandwidth***: 用于发文、回复、点赞等
* ***Market Bandwidth***: 用于转账、交易等等

 
简单的来讲,你的可用Bandwith 和你持有的股份成正比。
为了更加合理,Bandwidth的计算为7日平均值。

***Market Bandwidth***的计算与***Forum Bandwidth***的计算基本一样,所以我们这里以***Forum Bandwidth***为例进行讲解。

# 发文、点赞、回复等操作占用Bandwidth

每次我们进行一些操作,比如发表文章、给自己或者给别人点赞、回复内容,这些操作都会占用一定量的Bandwidth。占用的大小为每次我们操作产生的数据量大小。

每次我们进行一项操作时,对STEEM而言,亦即一个Transaction,包含操作的内容,以及签名信息等等,这个Transaction的体积,即为此次操作占用的Bandwidth。


# Bandwidth的计算为7日平均值

你可能说了,我好多天没发帖,发了一个帖子占用 5K Bandwidth,别人每天发帖,每个帖子占用1K,那怎么衡量谁占的多啊,谁占的少啊?

很好的问题,STEEM为了防止这种情况,引入了平均带宽Average Bandwidth的概念。
Average Bandwidth 已7天为时间窗

计算的方式为:
(7天 -  距离上次操作的时间)*之前的Average Bandwidth/7天 + 本次操作Bandwidth
(如果距离上次操作时间 > 7天,则新的Average Bandwidth 为 本次操作Bandwidth)

```
         share_type new_bandwidth;
         share_type trx_bandwidth = trx_size * STEEMIT_BANDWIDTH_PRECISION;
         auto delta_time = ( _db.head_block_time() - band->last_bandwidth_update ).to_seconds();

         if( delta_time > STEEMIT_BANDWIDTH_AVERAGE_WINDOW_SECONDS )
            new_bandwidth = 0;
         else
            new_bandwidth = ( ( ( STEEMIT_BANDWIDTH_AVERAGE_WINDOW_SECONDS - delta_time ) * fc::uint128( band->average_bandwidth.value ) )
               / STEEMIT_BANDWIDTH_AVERAGE_WINDOW_SECONDS ).to_uint64();

         new_bandwidth += trx_bandwidth;

         _db.modify( *band, [&]( account_bandwidth_object& b )
         {
            b.average_bandwidth = new_bandwidth;
            b.lifetime_bandwidth += trx_bandwidth;
            b.last_bandwidth_update = _db.head_block_time();
         });
```

代码如上,其中:
* trx_bandwidth: 即为本次操作占用的带宽
* new_bandwidth: 最后即为新的new_bandwidth
* delta_time: 距离上次操作的时间
* STEEMIT_BANDWIDTH_AVERAGE_WINDOW_SECONDS: 7天的总秒数

# 可用Bandwith 和持有的股份成正比

以下是代码:
```
         fc::uint128 account_vshares( a.effective_vesting_shares().amount.value );
         fc::uint128 total_vshares( props.total_vesting_shares.amount.value );
         fc::uint128 account_average_bandwidth( band->average_bandwidth.value );
         fc::uint128 max_virtual_bandwidth( props.max_virtual_bandwidth );

         has_bandwidth = ( account_vshares * max_virtual_bandwidth ) > ( account_average_bandwidth * total_vshares );
```

核心是这句:
`has_bandwidth = ( account_vshares * max_virtual_bandwidth ) > ( account_average_bandwidth * total_vshares );`

解释起来就是:     是否有可用带宽 = (你的vshares x 总的带宽)   > (你的平均带宽 x 总的vshares)
变换一下,似乎更好理解,可以是这个形式:
***是否有可用带宽 =  (你的vshares / 总的vshares) > (你的平均带宽/总的带宽)***

也就是说,***你的vshares占总vshares的比例 (不能低于) 你的平均带宽占总带宽的比例***
否则就会带宽超限了

其中你的vshares指***有效vshares***(包括你的STEEM POWER和别人代理给你的,减去你代理出去的)

# 如何避免 & 解决?

通过以上分析,我们得出结论:

* 发文、点赞、回复等操作占用Bandwidth
* Bandwidth的计算为7日平均值
* 你的vshares占总vshares的比例 (不能低于) 你的平均带宽占总带宽的比例

那么如何避免超限呢?
通过以上分析我们不难得出结论:

* ***增加vshares占比***
* ***减小你的平均带宽占用***

增加vshares占比: 可以通过***充值SP,让别人代理一些SP给你***等

减小你的平均带宽占用则可以从以下方面入手:
* ***加大操作间隔***
* ***降低操作次数(其实和加大间隔一个道理)***
* ***减少每次Transaction的体积***

而减小体积,一些系统打包上的东西,如签名等等,我们是减少不了的,只好从内容着手了。

举例说 @catwomanteresa 的这篇文章中
[bandwidth limit exceeded? 饒了我吧!](https://steemit.com/cn/@catwomanteresa/bandwidth-limit-exceeded)

这个表情:
![大哭02-80.gif](https://steemitimages.com/DQmaUs9JKJk2JNsM5VT27UPrXvDPbxWv7PrRCNAgnR19RjG/%E5%A4%A7%E5%93%AD02-80.gif)

`![大哭02-80.gif](https://steemitimages.com/DQmaUs9JKJk2JNsM5VT27UPrXvDPbxWv7PrRCNAgnR19RjG/%E5%A4%A7%E5%93%AD02-80.gif)`
使用了这么多文本,所以表情太丰富,会被系统禁止的 😭

附:截止写作本文时,3个ID的平均带宽占用
ID | Average bandwidth
----|----
@deanliu|275,813,067,443.8705
@oflyhigh|260,843,912,023.06836
@catwomanteresa|349,753,380,793.4731


# 结论

神马加大操作间隔、降低操作次数、减少发送的数据量,***统统不爽!!!!****

买买买,充值STEEM Power, 定个小目标,先加它***<del>一个亿</del>,<del>1000个</del>, 100个</del>***
有了SP, 牙口倍儿好、吃嘛嘛香,一口气上六楼,腰不酸、背背不疼......
又跑题了,打住了

----
感谢阅读 / Thank you for reading.
欢迎upvote、resteem以及 following me @oflyhigh 😎
👍  , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and 143 others
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vote details (207)
@atifparvez ·
upvote nd follow            https://steemit.com/cute/@atifparvez/have-a-beautifull-face
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@austinofana ·
$1.07
Taking my chinese lessons right now, soon i will be able to read all this and also write with chinese also.
Chinese are great people, love that country
👍  ,
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@beautifulbella ·
"减少每次Transaction的体积"<=这个有难度
👍  
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@oflyhigh ·
对于文章而言,就是言简意赅:)
👍  
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@catwomanteresa ·
突然發現自己被提到,嚇死寶寶了~
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@coldhair ·
原来Steem机制里还是有反垃圾的设计的,不过像你说的,spam的都是小短文,作用好像不明显,希望在以后的迭代中更好地处理这些问题。
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@nationalpark ·
改变一下算法也不难。每个帖子加个起步价就好了。
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@deanliu ·
$0.08
沒想到嬸您真的很博學!漲姿勢了。:)
👍  ,
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vote details (2)
@oflyhigh ·
$0.08
现学现卖
看到最下边的列表没,那妹纸的平均带宽比我俩都高 😄
👍  ,
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@deanliu ·
不懂耶,圖案不是也只是算link的文字數嗎?是因為網址會比較長的緣故嗎?確認一下,應該跟圖案實際大小什麼的無關?
👍  
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@deazydee ·
great work!
Upv & follow You!
Greetings from Poland @deazydee
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@fundurian ·
原来是为了防止spam,这个好
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@oflyhigh ·
其实spam的都是小短文,问题还真就不大,😄
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@nationalpark ·
$1.07
是啊。昨天看某人发了一大堆水贴一点事都没有。
👍  
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vote details (1)
@hiimamazing ·
Here we go again. <3
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@jondahl ·
Thanks for share...
properties (22)
authorjondahl
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@jubi ·
$0.02
买买买!一招就见效。
话说 我虽然发帖一天1到2帖。但是回复也是蛮多的。正常操作好像影响不大
👍  
properties (23)
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vote details (1)
@oflyhigh ·
一个字,买买买
👍  
properties (23)
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vote details (1)
@justyy ·
买买买。。关键是没钱。
properties (22)
authorjustyy
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@oflyhigh ·
钱呢?
properties (22)
authoroflyhigh
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categorycn
json_metadata{"tags":["cn"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
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@justyy ·
钱都乱花了。。这周五开始休假,带领家人(我姐,姐夫一行人,一共6个大人3小孩) 到处玩, 荷包大出血。
properties (22)
authorjustyy
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json_metadata{"tags":["cn"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
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last_update2017-07-19 09:55:39
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@kenchung ·
我也有遇到這個問題呀,真煩人
不過現在steemd好像可以看到自己的bandwidth使用量,好像不錯
![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmdQDbAF6UNkP74qScVkyYuEYUGKUNBpZLJGyfyKaakxEU/image.png)
properties (22)
authorkenchung
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@liangfengyouren ·
赞。
properties (22)
authorliangfengyouren
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json_metadata{"tags":["cn"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
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@nuagnorab ·
原來有關Active 不 Active 事。前陣子一直出那個warning. 一時間還以為sp都被盗了。
properties (22)
authornuagnorab
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@oflyhigh ·
$1.19
just test
👍  ,
properties (23)
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vote details (2)
@outhori5ed ·
ha @oflyhigh is there a way to give us this post in full english? because this bandwidth issue is the rave of the moment now with many people having issues with it. i will really appreciate this. thanks
properties (22)
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@rebeccabe ·
sure wish I knew what this says..  the picture of the lady crying does not give me hope
properties (22)
authorrebeccabe
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@sakshibansal ·
Upvote Nd follow and vote back
properties (22)
authorsakshibansal
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json_metadata{"tags":["cn"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
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@steppingout23 ·
Good post. Very informative and full of  useful facts and data.  Good work  and content. Will  continue to follow your post. Good job.
properties (22)
authorsteppingout23
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@team101 ·
Thanks for sharing.
properties (22)
authorteam101
permlinkre-oflyhigh-bandwidth-and-20170718t122941399z
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json_metadata{"tags":["cn"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
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@tumutanzi ·
佩服技术大牛们。
properties (22)
authortumutanzi
permlinkre-oflyhigh-bandwidth-and-20170718t124110061z
categorycn
json_metadata{"tags":["cn"],"app":"steemit/0.1"}
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@oflyhigh ·
牛啥,老了,学东西吃力了
properties (22)
authoroflyhigh
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@tumutanzi ·
在我看来,已经是很厉害了,能钻研代码。
properties (22)
authortumutanzi
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@ygern ·
$0.04
<----- 此帳號正在目無表情地讀文,以減少bandwidth使用量
👍  ,
properties (23)
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vote details (2)
@oflyhigh ·
😀
👍  
properties (23)
authoroflyhigh
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vote details (1)