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每天进步一点点：使用密钥登录远程SSH账户（Linux版） by oflyhigh

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hive-105017 · @oflyhigh ·
$101.75
每天进步一点点：使用密钥登录远程SSH账户（Linux版）
关于是使用密钥登录远程ssh账户还是使用密码登录，网络上众说纷纭；支持密钥的一方主要理由是使用密钥安全性更高而且支持自动化操作；支持密码的一方，无论何时何地，只要记着密码就能登录服务器。

![image.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmeXqRS5YJFSDQ58ztLeryhT52MbvKxjvkBDU8VqHCDuhX/image.png)
(图源 ：[pixabay](https://pixabay.com/))

我是倾向于使用密钥管理服务器的，但是很多时候我常用的几台服务器我又是使用密码来管理的，这做人做的还真有些拧巴。

今天先不去辩论两种方式的优越点，今天来详细整理一下如何使用密钥来登录远程账户。

为了便于测试，我在远程服务器上创建了新用户`testuser1`，这名字很Nice吧？之后的操作都在本地主机完成。

# 生成公私钥对

使用密钥登录SSH，我们需要一组密钥对，其中公钥用于身份验证，而私钥用来进行加密。

在本地主机上，我们可以使用如下指令生成公私钥对：
>`ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your_email@example.com"`

其中：
>`ssh-keygen`是用于生成密钥对的指令
>`-t rsa`表示使用RSA算法生成密钥对
>`-b 4096`指定生成密钥的位数为4096，位数越高安全性越好
>`-C "your_email@example.com"` 注释部分，用来标识密钥

执行 ssh-keygen 命令后会被提示密钥的存储路径：
![1735479796741.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmdVGmaeqEAHYfnoZWpc6nfYxQZQuZNpRRcVYmzvGtGKch/1735479796741.png)

以及选择是否为密钥设置密码等操作：
![1735479855792.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmStVeYFNwyRqERm2FHzhh4UTaRZVc87oSTiq9osHoYqXX/1735479855792.png)
（这个是保护私钥的密码，并非远程SSH账户密码哦）

之后成功生成了密钥对：
![1735480875968.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmdzNZFafNmvnfAB29PVchNHaJnVn5hgV85Na8prMJ3QRn/1735480875968.png)

# 上传公钥至远程SSH账户

在使用密钥登录远程SSH账户之前，我们首先需要将公钥复制到（确切地说叫追加到）远程服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中。

Linux下可以使用如下指令：
>`ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub testuser1@x.x.x.x`

执行后会提示如下信息：
![1735481556875.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmSmKf6zg6X8QfHbvEQvqaGb12Gd4xLZENodGKbUNZYPtL/1735481556875.png)

输入远程主机的登录密码，公钥就会被成功安装至远程主机对应账户：
![1735481647113.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmQDFAEySCukDUSMngEhdrJ5jVEbSEEvp9K3nPEXXjXTQG/1735481647113.png)

# 测试登录远程主机

添加完公钥以后，`ssh-copy-id`已经提示我们去测试一下登录啦：
>`ssh 'testuser1@x.x.x.x'`

那就复制指令，登录一下呗：
![1735481905172.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmPkdbeFYAMg68uGRAEg3wTLrca8U3kSjzLXT7Kg35nDfk/1735481905172.png)

因为我们之前生成密钥对时为私钥设置了密码保护私钥，所以登录时要校验一下密码（双重安全防护）。

接下来就没啥悬念了，成功登录。

# 对指定账户设置规则

好，现在我们已经完成了使用密钥登录SSH账户的全过程，不用再输入繁琐的密码了（私钥保护密码可以弄个不太复杂的，毕竟是二重保护）。

但是问题来了，现在我既可以使用密钥登录，又可以使用密码登录，这貌似和我们避免密码登录的初衷不符啊。

那么如何禁用密码登录呢，一般来讲有两种策略：一是全局禁用密码登录；二是仅禁用相应用户的密码登录。

全局禁用密码登录和仅禁用相应用户的密码登录，都需要操作者有管理员的权限，然后编辑sshd_config文件：
>`sudo  vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config`

在文件末尾追加如下内容：
![1735533276274.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmaJrcfwp5kQUa37p4c25YgU2A1VU4cL6d5XxBGwYDP8rv/1735533276274.png)

文字版（方便复制粘贴）：
```
Match User testuser1
    PasswordAuthentication no
    ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
```

以上内容仅针对`testuser1`

如果你要针对所有用户禁用密码登录，则修改`sshd_config`中对应条目的值，改成和上述值相同即可。

为了使设置生效，我们需要执行如下指令：
>`sudo systemctl restart ssh`

这时我们再尝试使用非密钥登录，比如使用Putty从Windows下登录：
![1735534157101.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQme18snKvkat9Ga54SqrccDTsAexTi25i7kzA77i9yaB8R/1735534157101.png)

就会出现如下提示：
![1735534213685.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmXRQ2ajcrg8SR15AjyayjpbV9WkGcqEQfsyJNwB8qXFXq/1735534213685.png)

说明我们的设置生效啦。

# 多个密钥的问题

假设我们在本地Linux账户下使用多个密钥登录多台不同的服务器（咦，应该也可以用同一个密钥对），那么系统是如何识别该用哪个密钥呢？

一种方式是，我们可以手工指定要用的密钥：
>`ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa_server1 testuser1@x.x.x.x`

如果不指定密钥，又会是什么样子呢？据我了解到的信息：
>***SSH 客户端默认会按照配置文件中或者默认密钥路径下的密钥进行尝试，直到找到一个能匹配目标服务器公钥的私钥为止。***

当然，更优雅的方式是，在本地主机账户下的`~/.ssh/config`为每个服务器指定相应的密钥文件：
```
Host server1
    HostName server1.example.com
    User user123
    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa_server1

Host server2
    HostName server2.example.com
    User user456
    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa_server2
```

好了，今天暂时就学习到这里了。

你学废了嘛？没学废的，改天我们继续学习！😀
👍  , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and 229 others
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vote details (294)
@annepink · 
学废了学废了！🤣🤣
O哥太优瘦啦！O哥课堂优雅又有趣！我这学渣学的好惭愧啊！🤦🏻‍♀️
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@bpcvoter1 · 
> ### Hey there, the Bilpcoin team just wanted to give you a virtual high-five we manually curated this post. 

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>**Earn BPC on all your posts!** Simply add #Bilpcoin or #BPC to your post, and you'll be eligible to earn BPC. Just don't forget to post your own content and avoid self-voting. !MEME !PGM !LOLZ

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👎  
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vote details (1)
@bpcvoter3 · 
> ### Hey there, the Bilpcoin team just wanted to give you a virtual high-five we manually curated this post. 

<a href="https://imgflip.com/i/9ezd9g"><img src="https://i.imgflip.com/9ezd9g.jpg" title="made at imgflip.com"/></a><div><a href="https://imgflip.com/memegenerator">from Imgflip Meme Generator</a></div>

[Their attempts to intimidate and silence their critics are equally concerning. The use of downvotes as a means of censorship is a clear indication of their desperation to maintain their grip on the narrative. But it's not working](https://hive.blog/hive-165962/@bpcvoter1/their-attempts-to-intimidate-and-silence-their-critics-are-equally-concerning-the-use-of-downvotes-as-a-means-of-censorship-is-a)

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[Super farm https://peakd.com/@memesandstuff/wallet spam scam accounts](https://hive.blog/hive-167922/@bpcvoter3/super-farm-https-peakd-com-memesandstuff-wallet-spam-scam-accounts)
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>**Earn BPC on all your posts!** Simply add #Bilpcoin or #BPC to your post, and you'll be eligible to earn BPC. Just don't forget to post your own content and avoid self-voting. !MEME !PGM !LOLZ

[we are excited to announce our ambitious endeavor to create the largest curation trail on Hive and, by extension, the world LOL](https://hive.blog/hive-167922/@bpcvoter1/we-are-excited-to-announce-our-ambitious-endeavor-to-create-the-largest-curation-trail-on-hive-and-by-extension-the-world-lol)

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[themarkymark (80)in LeoFinance 18 hours ago You are the abuse on Hive  hive.blog/hive-167922/@themarkymark/re-bpcvoter3-smp740 LOL  TRANSACTIONS DON'T LIE PEOPLE DO PEOPLE LIKE YOU DO    Curation reward for BUILDAWHALE COMMENT FARM buildawhale51.108 HP](https://hive.blog/hive-167922/@bpcvoter3/themarkymark-80-in-leofinance-18-hours-ago-you-are-the-abuse-on-hive-hive-blog-hive-167922-themarkymark-re-bpcvoter3-smp740-lol)

https://hive.blog/@kevm/comments 

https://hive.blog/@kcgm/comments
👎  
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vote details (1)
@celeste413 · 
看来只能改天继续学了😅哈哈哈
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@christianumoren ·
@christianumoren "pls can someone help me out on what’s going on her..."
pls can someone help me out on what’s going on here, are you guys Programming??
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@coco666 · 
好的 学废了 😂 下次继续学习
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@darknightlive · 
下次再搞一个，如何新建`git`服务。不过感觉现在`PuTTY`不怎么样了。如果简单点可以直接用`powershell`进行登录。或者换成`xshell`也好玩。
不过说句实话，每次配置密钥，我感觉我都要现查，基本上记不住。
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@oflyhigh ·
$0.13
Windows命令行直接支持ssh
但是主机多的话，Putty可以保存主机地址之类的信息，还是要方便一点
👍  
properties (23)
authoroflyhigh
permlinkspb7x5
categoryhive-105017
json_metadata{"app":"hiveblog/0.1"}
created2024-12-30 13:53:33
last_update2024-12-30 13:53:33
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author_reputation6,313,174,882,843,576
root_title每天进步一点点：使用密钥登录远程SSH账户（Linux版）
beneficiaries[]
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percent_hbd10,000
post_id139,580,254
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author_curate_reward""
vote details (1)
@jychbetter · 
O哥，快去买HIVE
拉盘啊
properties (22)
authorjychbetter
permlinkre-oflyhigh-20241230t21392728z
categoryhive-105017
json_metadata{"tags":["hive-105017","cn","life","blog","ssh","key","security"],"app":"ecency/4.0.2-vision","format":"markdown+html"}
created2024-12-30 20:39:27
last_update2024-12-30 20:39:27
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last_payout2025-01-06 20:39:27
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body_length14
author_reputation1,233,783,391,372,260
root_title每天进步一点点：使用密钥登录远程SSH账户（Linux版）
beneficiaries[]
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post_id139,590,731
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@love5200 · 
感谢O哥的分享；
我好像没有学废🤣
properties (22)
authorlove5200
permlinkre-oflyhigh-20241230t18503986z
categoryhive-105017
json_metadata{"tags":["hive-105017","cn","life","blog","ssh","key","security"],"app":"ecency/4.0.2-vision","format":"markdown+html"}
created2024-12-30 10:50:39
last_update2024-12-30 10:50:39
depth1
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last_payout2025-01-06 10:50:39
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 HBD
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body_length17
author_reputation538,637,949,338,581
root_title每天进步一点点：使用密钥登录远程SSH账户（Linux版）
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
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post_id139,577,125
net_rshares0
@oflyhigh ·
$0.12
感谢小影捧场
👍  
👎  
properties (23)
authoroflyhigh
permlinkspb1p8
categoryhive-105017
json_metadata{"app":"hiveblog/0.1"}
created2024-12-30 11:39:12
last_update2024-12-30 11:39:12
depth2
children0
last_payout2025-01-06 11:39:12
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.060 HBD
curator_payout_value0.061 HBD
pending_payout_value0.000 HBD
promoted0.000 HBD
body_length6
author_reputation6,313,174,882,843,576
root_title每天进步一点点：使用密钥登录远程SSH账户（Linux版）
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id139,577,884
net_rshares244,057,829,225
author_curate_reward""
vote details (2)
@lovelingling · 
学习的机会还是留给其他人吧，我觉得还是在抖音里看美女来的轻松。😂😂
properties (22)
authorlovelingling
permlinkre-oflyhigh-20241230t183145339z
categoryhive-105017
json_metadata{"type":"comment","tags":["hive-105017","cn","life","blog","ssh","key","security"],"app":"ecency/3.2.0-mobile","format":"markdown+html"}
created2024-12-30 10:31:45
last_update2024-12-30 10:31:45
depth1
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last_payout2025-01-06 10:31:45
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.000 HBD
curator_payout_value0.000 HBD
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body_length33
author_reputation722,550,236,465,144
root_title每天进步一点点：使用密钥登录远程SSH账户（Linux版）
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id139,576,834
net_rshares0
@oflyhigh ·
$0.12
哈哈，这样做是不对的
你得和你楼下的小影多学学
👍  
👎  
properties (23)
authoroflyhigh
permlinkspb1oz
categoryhive-105017
json_metadata{"app":"hiveblog/0.1"}
created2024-12-30 11:39:03
last_update2024-12-30 11:39:03
depth2
children1
last_payout2025-01-06 11:39:03
cashout_time1969-12-31 23:59:59
total_payout_value0.060 HBD
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body_length23
author_reputation6,313,174,882,843,576
root_title每天进步一点点：使用密钥登录远程SSH账户（Linux版）
beneficiaries[]
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percent_hbd10,000
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net_rshares239,175,672,640
author_curate_reward""
vote details (2)
@lovelingling · 
好的，关键她也没学会😂😂
properties (22)
authorlovelingling
permlinkre-oflyhigh-20241230t202134809z
categoryhive-105017
json_metadata{"type":"comment","tags":["ecency"],"app":"ecency/3.2.0-mobile","format":"markdown+html"}
created2024-12-30 12:21:33
last_update2024-12-30 12:21:33
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author_reputation722,550,236,465,144
root_title每天进步一点点：使用密钥登录远程SSH账户（Linux版）
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
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post_id139,578,566
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@marygong77777 · 
👍👍看到O写的，只是感觉O哥是神童
properties (22)
authormarygong77777
permlinkre-oflyhigh-20241230t20244486z
categoryhive-105017
json_metadata{"type":"comment","tags":["hive-105017","cn","life","blog","ssh","key","security"],"app":"ecency/3.2.0-mobile","format":"markdown+html"}
created2024-12-30 12:02:45
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author_reputation404,396,996,754,186
root_title每天进步一点点：使用密钥登录远程SSH账户（Linux版）
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
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@setarcos · 
受教了(｀･ω･´)ゞ
properties (22)
authorsetarcos
permlinkre-oflyhigh-20241230t22555519z
categoryhive-105017
json_metadata{"type":"comment","tags":["hive-105017","cn","life","blog","ssh","key","security"],"app":"ecency/3.2.0-mobile","format":"markdown+html"}
created2024-12-30 14:55:54
last_update2024-12-30 14:55:54
depth1
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root_title每天进步一点点：使用密钥登录远程SSH账户（Linux版）
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
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@travoved · 
I think this tutorial can be useful but why when you all post used linux comands decided to mention putty for windows?
Also if to talk about future posts maybe it'll be useful to know how to allow entrance for server with specified port and block other ports.
And yes I understand that it can become endless series of post about servers, security e.t.c.
properties (22)
authortravoved
permlinkre-oflyhigh-sphypf
categoryhive-105017
json_metadata{"tags":["hive-105017"],"app":"peakd/2024.12.6","image":[],"users":[]}
created2025-01-03 05:17:39
last_update2025-01-03 05:17:39
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body_length353
author_reputation48,431,965,827,576
root_title每天进步一点点：使用密钥登录远程SSH账户（Linux版）
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
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post_id139,671,740
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@trina77 · 
呵呵！好专业，我也不懂🫣
properties (22)
authortrina77
permlinkre-oflyhigh-20241230t203417359z
categoryhive-105017
json_metadata{"tags":["hive-105017","cn","life","blog","ssh","key","security"],"app":"ecency/3.0.25-mobile","format":"markdown+html"}
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last_update2024-12-30 12:34:15
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author_reputation49,909,709,378,118
root_title每天进步一点点：使用密钥登录远程SSH账户（Linux版）
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max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
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@zhangyan-123 · 
改天继续学习吧！完全云里雾里！😂
properties (22)
authorzhangyan-123
permlinkre-oflyhigh-20241230t212558233z
categoryhive-105017
json_metadata{"type":"comment","tags":["hive-105017","cn","life","blog","ssh","key","security"],"app":"ecency/3.2.0-mobile","format":"markdown+html"}
created2024-12-30 13:25:57
last_update2024-12-30 13:25:57
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root_title每天进步一点点：使用密钥登录远程SSH账户（Linux版）
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
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post_id139,579,727
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@jychbetter · 
云里雾里，我在塞尔维亚等你，哈
properties (22)
authorjychbetter
permlinkre-zhangyan-123-20241230t21385668z
categoryhive-105017
json_metadata{"tags":["hive-105017","cn","life","blog","ssh","key","security"],"app":"ecency/4.0.2-vision","format":"markdown+html"}
created2024-12-30 20:38:54
last_update2024-12-30 20:38:54
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root_title每天进步一点点：使用密钥登录远程SSH账户（Linux版）
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id139,590,721
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@zhangyan-123 · 
哈哈哈，好
properties (22)
authorzhangyan-123
permlinkre-jychbetter-20241231t8164347z
categoryhive-105017
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last_update2024-12-31 00:16:03
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author_reputation893,975,718,567,331
root_title每天进步一点点：使用密钥登录远程SSH账户（Linux版）
beneficiaries[]
max_accepted_payout1,000,000.000 HBD
percent_hbd10,000
post_id139,595,018
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