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惊险万分：升级Ubuntu 18.04 LTS到Ubuntu 20.04 LTS by oflyhigh

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hive-105017 · @oflyhigh ·
$68.52
惊险万分：升级Ubuntu 18.04 LTS到Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
昨天的帖子[折腾之：编译hived失败](https://hive.blog/hive-105017/@oflyhigh/hived)中提到，编译最新版本的v1.26.0rc3，需要Ubuntu 20.04 LTS及以上版本。


![image.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmRPiboRcP8L6YkRBx9Z78kWfb46o1qWTQMscifYhmgLGp/image.png)
(图源 ：[pixabay](https://pixabay.com/illustrations/upgrade-board-clock-to-update-1672367/))


而我的一堆VPS和本地机都是运行着Ubuntu 18.04 LTS，唯一一台运行Ubuntu 22.04 LTS的机器配置太低，估计没法跑编译程序。

哎，这样的话，只好尝试升级几台VPS喽。原本以为只要执行一条简单的命令就可以，毕竟每次登录Ubuntu 18.04时，都会被提示：
>New release '20.04.5 LTS' available.
Run 'do-release-upgrade' to upgrade to it.

结果失败了好几次不说，还险些把VPS折腾死，简直就是惊险万分，吓死个人。

# 第一次升级

既然提示信息告诉我执行 `do-release-upgrade`就可以升级，那么咱就直接上手开整 ：
>`do-release-upgrade`

运行上述命令后，提示我输入账户密码，毕竟升级系统，没超级用户权限怎么可以
>![52b0990ddfc34d2bb7cd5cdc02454a1.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmeAX1AwXoqtcnQbQZM7oqXDJMGimZX5u71671uhxvgt3S/52b0990ddfc34d2bb7cd5cdc02454a1.png)

输入密码后：
>![21c539d0fe8661e4636b0709ef6b64c.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmSBfuxE3wvVC4Ak15occLy8QWAkvEtr73z4Z4s4xSe4BE/21c539d0fe8661e4636b0709ef6b64c.png)

大意是通过SSH升级不被推荐，有卡机的风险。如果非要用SSH升级，系统会帮忙开辟个新端口，这样出错的时候可以用来连接恢复。

不要怂，就是干：
>![39b4fc2bdbfef457cb8da1f34e2fb90.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmQ3Dswz2YY8AxcHxZkvhHfaAJ55eonmmbxnV67KCqau6K/39b4fc2bdbfef457cb8da1f34e2fb90.png)

这个提示我们在防火墙中允许这个端口，不然开个新端口还被防火墙拦截了，就尴尬了。

因为我使用的是`ufw`，所以无需使用iptables指令，而是直接使用如下命令：
>sudo ufw allow 1022/tcp

然后按回车继续：
>![f626da90bc02b22c83358ac4f5c74ac.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmRbHGyunwMYV8EpUz5AXtyaWbraTdbgqZKnLgRaCVXZCy/f626da90bc02b22c83358ac4f5c74ac.png)

上边好像没啥值得特别说的，继续按回车：
>![53972f7c9299fe3611c9dd0d535ca28.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmeeGhSMNLsvTqf4jLXeExtfeqvS5vR3mXmbHCxwNapKpt/53972f7c9299fe3611c9dd0d535ca28.png)

好吧，貌似出错了：
>![84f8cf8307421f0a649631dca0cbac0.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmR7Mb4t6Qk8FS4Lufnn3XnBTddbghkxn8D6VTcJ3uBrkv/84f8cf8307421f0a649631dca0cbac0.png)

这两段信息中，核心信息就是：
>After updating your package information, the essential package 'ubuntu-minimal' could not be located. This may be because you have no official mirrors listed in your software sources, or because of excessive load on the mirror you are using.

在VPS上，我安装的系统是ubuntu-minimal，看来是这个引起的问题。不过，不管咋说，第一次升级，我是失败了。

# 第二次升级

在第一次升级失败后，我已经打算放弃了。毕竟我还可以用其它的方法，比如说给VPS重做系统来安装Ubuntu 20.04 LTS。作为一个有严重系统洁癖的人，我总觉得全新安装要比升级上来干净得多。

不过就这样放弃，我还有点不死心，于是又一通查找资料，别说，还真的让我找到N种解决方案。

### 方案一

使用如下指令替代`do-release-upgrade`
>`sudo RELEASE_UPGRADER_ALLOW_THIRD_PARTY=1 do-release-upgrade`

### 方案二：

使用如下指令（原则上效果和作用同方案一）
>`sudo do-release-upgrade --allow-third-party`

### 方案三：

编辑`/etc/apt/sources.list` 把linode相关链接中的`bionic`替换成`focal` （因为我用的是linode的VPS）。

我最终决定直接执行方案一，亦即执行指令：
>`sudo RELEASE_UPGRADER_ALLOW_THIRD_PARTY=1 do-release-upgrade`

发现升级果然能继续进行，曙光呈现，哇咔咔，真开心啊。

基本上重走一遍第一次升级的流程，然后继续继续，出现这样一堆提示，是什么鬼？不过好像没啥影响：
>![b91a85c6739fd194bf042fd2c524c17.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmTDrg3dgUTdmahx7aX6cMS6xrgqz4vo6WhuFvKSD2JG9y/b91a85c6739fd194bf042fd2c524c17.png)

继续继续，不要停：
>![18d898091d351fce594a040329ebedb.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmU3XqakipA1B8p5FMJuGWzyzmTmwhrJpVoySAXetKNjnM/18d898091d351fce594a040329ebedb.png)

结果当我敲下`y`之后，putty的连接就断开了。重连发现也无法连接。

不过不怕，不是有1022端口呢嘛？试试连1022，果然没问题。但是我当时手贱搞了一下科学上网，结果又被踢了出来，再连就死活链接不上了。出如下提示：
>![b1b6cbbb15735bc3046f16e3c473052.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmRGBGoeYLrCRR1tkRyByJ4aBFAQd5rjky3mWTgkY4Tisq/b1b6cbbb15735bc3046f16e3c473052.png)

我试了N多次，都无法链接，在其它机器上，使用ssh指令连接，则出现如下出错信息：
>ssh_exchange_identification: read: Connection reset by peer

(ssh指令加上`-v`选项会打印出更多的信息，但是同样是一头雾水）

这下彻底凉了，一般这种情况可以尝试重启sshd，但是问题是，我无法连上主机，咋进行操作啊？

令人揪心的是，这台VPS上，有好多好多重要数据，如果真的彻底挂掉了，我只能哭了。***好后悔，自己为啥没提前备份一下呢？***

# 第三次升级

后悔了大半天之后，我觉得只拍大腿也不是办法，必须考虑一下怎么解决才好。

我想到的解决方案有***试试强制重启***，重启无效的话，***试试能不能将这个卷挂载到其它VPS上以备份出重要数据***？

无论重启还是挂载都先要进Linode的管理面板中研究一下，不过进管理面板后，无意中发现了![image.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmRgUQb7Y8mNkFm1CysjUyu9VRVyg4z3GiaRuynzUzNjAE/image.png) 这个选项，而这个是通过ttyS0（也就是串行通信口）连接的。

咦，这么说，我岂不是有救了？连上之后，执行`sudo screen -r`，果然发现了正在进行中的升级程序，现在是卡在某个让用户做出选择的页面。不过因为webshell不太好用的缘故，显示的一团糟，我只好瞎选了。

然后开始进行下去：

>![4a7efa111a843bf505999b6c8cd51bf.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmbCXbgavD5AL5mCZN1MWRHSfc4hbk4SbHJnW3EEMHjbNR/4a7efa111a843bf505999b6c8cd51bf.png)


>![6d145f4ee092e81e66827b1773084dd.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmZ2hj6d3bfaVEbjxVtjTgaeNRMndKeHkTrCho1ijZdNDv/6d145f4ee092e81e66827b1773084dd.png)


>![8d9718510b6d6b99655f8f87f711c04.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmTDhsn5JCmTaC6wqLPhMDHseeuSM3ELDHgmsH27LeUhJA/8d9718510b6d6b99655f8f87f711c04.png)


>![66643db6f6ec01707d0878ec1e99c4e.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmfPpTJmRJPGtZFmeM7h3rkdU1nztUfzL9vm9T3w4PRGMn/66643db6f6ec01707d0878ec1e99c4e.png)


>![ef0872224fde05a9d827997dc21f4ef.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmcWFjjPcaQacjui4GSLVFS8zD94rUFKPewSVxdNRUkroK/ef0872224fde05a9d827997dc21f4ef.png)


>![e2bdc057a6a7af865b35c1e770a9ef0.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmcsAjUc3zN2nN9YwDyohfRFjmh3fiG12YyF4uMggQHyEf/e2bdc057a6a7af865b35c1e770a9ef0.png)


>![8ff064adeb697fbfe100f5a6a59c946.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmNVpZuuk17NrHpVVeZWkakfHGTVuJPMUcB3xPzVwzxYFq/8ff064adeb697fbfe100f5a6a59c946.png)

这些就不一一解释了，懂点英语看这个都没啥问题。然后提示重启，重启后，我发现终于可以用putty正常连接啦。

看一下连接后的提示信息：
>![ef7c2b9c2bd47c2117528cc68ae4ed3.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmQJBznrqU5nmXW4ZDodQLJ3d7BzgaJF8RooMzS8RGeoDX/ef7c2b9c2bd47c2117528cc68ae4ed3.png)

再把我之前VPS上运行的程序都运行起来，貌似没啥问题。哎，尽管过程惊险万分，不过总算是升级成功了，太吓人啦！！😱😱😱😱😱

尽管升级成功了，我决定再也不采取这样的方式了，一个是太过于吓人；再有就是我系统洁癖的强迫症又犯了，所以以后决定还是给VPS重新做系统比较好。

可是新的问题来，在AWS的VPS似乎没法重做系统，尽管创建新的实例，然后把数据迁移过去似乎一样，但是默认的IP什么的就变了。哎，愁人啊！咋办好呢？
👍  , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and 104 others
👎  
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vote details (169)
@aellly · 
又搞高端的，完全看不懂。
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@alpha-omega · 
我都不敢在VPS操作升级系统，O神厉害，大写的服👍
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@oflyhigh · 
我觉得VPS上最靠谱的操作还是先备份数据后重做系统
不过那样太累了😵
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@alpha-omega · 
可以写个脚本定期把重要数据打包备份
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@love5200 · (edited)
厉害了，O哥
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@magicmonk · 
來跟歐哥學習
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@marygong77777 · 
👍👍
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@oflyhigh · 
AWS ec2上，狠心实际操作了一下升级
只能说，如丝般顺滑，一切都很顺利
（不过我的Python环境崩溃啦）
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root_title"惊险万分：升级Ubuntu 18.04 LTS到Ubuntu 20.04 LTS"
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