https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-gO7W3jgolrk/UUtZTZI_WdI/AAAAAAAAEY0/fBBa1e-xuWMDWx-EUgq264LzXlee0ikowCHMYBhgL/s800/DSC_0123.jpg
[source](https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj0hd_p7p3XAhWBVxQKHc6cBg0QjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fterragardens.net%2Fsoil&psig=AOvVaw2lzBJS6Qy2GAuqJAH-OiYd&ust=1509642528877995)

The soil covers the topmost layer of the earth; it covers about a reasonable portion of the surface of the earth.

The formation is done by the breaking down of rock into small pieces; agents that break down rock are agents such as things that have life which are living things, wind, heat, water, ice and so on.

The soil is contains particles of different sizes, one thing found in the soil are decayed plants and animals, but there are different types of soil and the decayed materials present in each level of soil varies from soil to soil.

There is as well presence of air in soil substances. The growth of plants is needed by good and well nurtured soil.

The soil is however made up of different constituents and they are:

http://botanicaldesigns.com/wp-content/uploads/soil.jpg
[source](https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=imgres&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiakebi7Z3XAhUDvxQKHc_zD3IQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbotanicaldesigns.com%2Fsoil-building-with-permaculture%2F&psig=AOvVaw3jMbI7zWD8vAixnBGIZVnS&ust=1509642251166048)

Air: The presence of air in the soil creates a conducive and good condition for plant growth.

Water: The presence of water in the soil helps to keep it moist and wet and this in turn helps to remove excess heat from the soil.

Mineral particles and they serve as the source of particles present in the soil.

https://i0.wp.com/newyork.thecityatlas.org/files/compost2.jpg?resize=500%2C375
[source](https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=imgres&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjWz6ba7p3XAhVMnRQKHWlvAvgQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fnewyork.thecityatlas.org%2Fevent%2Fnyc-compost-project-crazy-for-composting%2F&psig=AOvVaw0ZQUbtVr1tyM5JnGfXD2wI&ust=1509642269265922)

Organic matter formed from living and dead particles, they help to hold water, improve on the soil structure to enable its capacity of absorption of heat.

The different types of soil that we have are usually used to serve different purposes, but I will not be going nto details of that here, I will talk about them later.
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