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My long weekend in Rome no.11 - Basilica of St. Stephen in the Round on the Celian Hill by olusiu

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· @olusiu ·
$14.88
My long weekend in Rome no.11 - Basilica of St. Stephen in the Round on the Celian Hill
<center><a href="https://travelfeed.io/@olusiu/my-long-weekend-in-rome-no-11-basilica-of-st-stephen-in-the-round-on-the-celian-hill">Read this post on TravelFeed.io for the best experience</a></center><hr />

![IMG_5423.JPG](https://img.travelfeed.io/olusiu%2F2022-09-08-11-09-127-img_5423-jpg)

[ENG]
While in Rome, we were looking for information about interesting and not necessarily popular monuments that can be visited there. In this way, we found out that one of the oldest temples in Rome is located near the Colosseum on the Celius hill in a place a bit overlooked by tourists. The rotunda, dated to the 5th century AD, does not look spectacular from the outside. The entrance to the temple looks like a narrow yard in front of a private house, fenced with high walls that give a lot of shade, which creates a slightly dark, a little mysterious atmosphere of this place.
However, after entering the interior, the situation changes dramatically. The spacious, well-lit interior of the rotunda is full of original elements of ancient architecture. The temple is dedicated to St. Stephen, that is, according to the Christian tradition of the first martyr. The church was built on the orders of Pope Leo I and was the first temple built on a circular plan, modeled on the basilica of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem.
[PL]
Będąc w Rzymie szukaliśmy informacji o ciekawych i niekoniecznie popularnych zabytkach, które można tam zwiedzić. W ten sposób dowiedzieliśmy się, że blisko Koloseum na wzgórzu Celius w trochę pomijanym przez turystów miejscu znajduje się jedna z najstarszych świątyń w Rzymie. Datowana na V wiek po Chrystusie rotunda z zewnątrz nie wygląda zbyt spektakularnie. Wejście do świątyni wygląda jak ciasne podwórze przed prywatnym domem, ogrodzone wysokimi murami dającymi dużo cienia, który buduje trochę mroczny, trochę tajemniczy klimat tego miejsca. 
Natomiast po wejściu do wnętrza sytuacja zmienia się diametralnie. Przestronne dobrze oświetlone wnętrze rotundy pełne jest oryginalnych elementów antycznej architektury. Świątynia jest pod wezwaniem św. Szczepana czyli według chrześcijańskiej tradycji pierwszego męczennika. Kościół zbudowano na polecenie papieża Leona I i była pierwszą świątynią zbudowana na planie okręgu wzorowana bazyliką Grobu Pańskiego z Jerozolimy. 

![20220218_155208.jpg](https://img.travelfeed.io/olusiu%2F2022-09-08-11-09-165-20220218_155208-jpg)![20220218_155310.jpg](https://img.travelfeed.io/olusiu%2F2022-09-08-11-09-557-20220218_155310-jpg)![IMG_4433.jpg](https://img.travelfeed.io/olusiu%2F2022-09-08-11-09-304-img_4433-jpg)![IMG_4435.jpg](https://img.travelfeed.io/olusiu%2F2022-09-08-11-09-602-img_4435-jpg)![IMG_4436.jpg](https://img.travelfeed.io/olusiu%2F2022-09-08-11-09-862-img_4436-jpg)![IMG_5425.JPG](https://img.travelfeed.io/olusiu%2F2022-09-08-11-09-843-img_5425-jpg)

[ENG]
In 1579 the church was taken over by the Hungarian Jesuits. These Jesuits prepared priests who were to evangelize people all over the world, also in difficult areas such as the Balkans, where attempts to convert to the Christian religion were often met with great resistance from the indigenous people. To better prepare future missionaries for the dangerous task, Pope Gregory XIII came up with a rather original idea. He paid for the painter Niccolò Circignani, who was commissioned to make thirty-four frescoes located in large panels arranged around the rotunda. These frescoes, made in the years 1572-1585, depict the suffering experienced by various martyrs for the faith over the years. Walking around the rotunda and looking at the frescoes, we experienced the scenes a bit like from horror movies, because the frescoes depicted the cruelest tortures. Smoking at the stake, crossing, pouring hot lead into the mouth, burning, stoning, cooking in a huge pot of water, decapitation, lions eating, or dismemberment are just some of the tortures depicted in the frescoes. Preparing for a missionary trip surrounded by such images must have been a good selection of candidates for missionaries.
So, summing up the Basilica of St. Szczepan's interior makes a double impression. On the one hand, the dignified, calming ancient architecture, and on the other hand, macabre frescoes that make me shiver. A very specific place.
[PL]
W 1579 kościół został przejęty przez węgierskich jezuitów. Ci jezuici przygotowywali księży, który mieli ewangelizować ludzi na całym świecie, również na trudnych terenach jak np. Bałkany, gdzie niejednokrotnie próby nawracania na religie chrześcijańską spotykało się z dużym oporem ludności tubylczej. Aby lepiej przygotować przyszłych misjonarzy do niebezpiecznego zadania papież Grzegorz XIII wpadł na dość oryginalny pomysł. Opłacił malarza Niccolò Circignaniego, który dostał zlecenie wykonania trzydziestu czterech fresków zlokalizowanych w dużych panelach rozmieszczonych dookoła rotundy. Freski te wykonywane w latach 1572-1585 przedstawiają cierpienia jakich przez lata doświadczali przeróżni męczennicy za wiarę. Chodząc dookoła rotundy i patrząc na freski przeżywaliśmy sceny trochę jak z horrorów, bo na freskach znajdowały się przedstawienia najokrutniejszych tortur. Palenie na stosie, krzyżowanie, wlewanie rozgrzanego ołowiu do ust, przypalenie, kamieniowanie, gotowanie w ogromnym garze z wodą, dekapitacja, pożeranie przez lwy, czy rozczłonkowywanie to tylko niektóre z tortur przedstawionych na freskach. Przygotowywanie się do wyprawy misyjnej w otoczeniu takich obrazów, musiało stanowić dobrą selekcję kandydatów na misjonarzy. 
Tak więc podsumowując bazylika św. Szczepana swoim wnętrzem sprawia dwojakie wrażenie. Z jednej strony dostojna uspokajająca architektura antyczna, a z drugiej strony makabryczne freski, na widok których przechodzą mnie ciarki. Bardzo specyficzne miejsce.  

![20220218_154548.jpg](https://img.travelfeed.io/olusiu%2F2022-09-08-11-09-983-20220218_154548-jpg)![20220218_154602.jpg](https://img.travelfeed.io/olusiu%2F2022-09-08-11-09-621-20220218_154602-jpg)![20220218_154622.jpg](https://img.travelfeed.io/olusiu%2F2022-09-08-11-09-256-20220218_154622-jpg)![20220218_154631.jpg](https://img.travelfeed.io/olusiu%2F2022-09-08-11-09-787-20220218_154631-jpg)![20220218_154651.jpg](https://img.travelfeed.io/olusiu%2F2022-09-08-11-09-536-20220218_154651-jpg)![20220218_154758.jpg](https://img.travelfeed.io/olusiu%2F2022-09-08-11-09-733-20220218_154758-jpg)![20220218_154813.jpg](https://img.travelfeed.io/olusiu%2F2022-09-08-11-09-962-20220218_154813-jpg)![20220218_154838.jpg](https://img.travelfeed.io/olusiu%2F2022-09-08-11-09-157-20220218_154838-jpg)![20220218_154856.jpg](https://img.travelfeed.io/olusiu%2F2022-09-08-11-09-794-20220218_154856-jpg)![20220218_154918.jpg](https://img.travelfeed.io/olusiu%2F2022-09-08-11-09-775-20220218_154918-jpg)![20220218_154939.jpg](https://img.travelfeed.io/olusiu%2F2022-09-08-11-09-784-20220218_154939-jpg)![20220218_155054.jpg](https://img.travelfeed.io/olusiu%2F2022-09-08-11-09-608-20220218_155054-jpg)![20220218_155108.jpg](https://img.travelfeed.io/olusiu%2F2022-09-08-11-09-844-20220218_155108-jpg)![20220218_155137.jpg](https://img.travelfeed.io/olusiu%2F2022-09-08-11-09-081-20220218_155137-jpg)![20220218_155230.jpg](https://img.travelfeed.io/olusiu%2F2022-09-08-11-09-789-20220218_155230-jpg)


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Hermosa Roma, quiero ir!! 
Uno de mis sueños 
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Beautiful architecture and artworks. 
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