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Hello everyone, welcome back again to my blog....let us go straight to business. Today I will be telling you 
1. Terrestrial causes of climate change
2. Astronomical causes of climate change
3. Extraterrestrial causes of climate change



TERRESTRIAL CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Theories of climatic change under this group attempt to link changes in climate to variations in terrestrial conditions such as the earth's topography, distribution of land and sea surfaces, extent of snow and ice cover as well as the earth's atmosphere. Changes in terrestrial conditions often imply changes in the energy balance of the earth and its atmosphere.

Mountain- building processes may influence climate in two major ways. Firstly, the topography is altered with concomittent changes in the influence. It would exert in airflow, insolation temperature, precipitation e.t.c. Secondly, orogenesis may involve volcanicity which would provide aerosols that alter the earth's radiation and energy balance.

Distribution of land and sea has implications for the pattern of the global radiation and heat balances because of the differences in the thermal characteristics of land and water surface. The extent of snow and ice cover affect the earth's albedo pattern and hence the earth's radiation balance pattern on which the general circulation and climate depend.

ASTRONOMICAL CAUSES OF CLIMATIC CHANGE

Astronomical theories of climatic change are based on variations in elements of the earth's geometry such as the eccentricity of the earth's orbit, the precession of the equinoxes and the obliquity of the plane of ecliptic. The earth's orbit round the sun is in form of an ellipse with a maximum distance of 152 million km on 4th July (Aphelion) and a maximum distance of 149 million km on 3rd January ( Perihelion). Fluctuations do occur in the eccentricity of the earth's orbit with a periodicity of 92000 years. These cause variations in the amount of solar energy received by the earth as well as in duration of the seasons.

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Source:

EXTRATERRESTRIAL CAUSES OF CLIMATIC CHANGE
 
Theories of extraterrestrial causes of climatic change postulate changes in the amount of solar energy that reaches the earth because of changes in the solar output or changes in amount of solar radiation absorbed output the earth's atmosphere.

Variation do occur in the amount of energy emitted by the sun. For instance, sunspot activities cause fluctuations in solar output with periodicities of 11 years, 22 years, 44 years etc. Intersteller dust particles cause variations in the amount of solar energy that reaches the top of the earth's.

SUMMARY

The major theories of climatic change are reviewed. No single theory has been found to explain variations in climate because variations occur on various time scales.

See here for the first post
https://steemit.com/education/@oxygen02/is-climate-change-real-1

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