 自2017年起,Bitcoin的爆升,引發了大家對加密貨幣的興趣,大量的資金傾潟而入,擴散至各大小型加密貨幣,迅速造成幣圈牛市,更衍生了ICO熱潮,所謂ICO,就是Initial Coin Offering 首次貨幣發行,與現時我們抽新股IPO有類似,同樣是籌集資之用,不過我們得到的不是股份,而是代幣(Token),由於它能快速籌集資金,所以在2017年,紅極一時,成為人人茶餘飯後的話題。可惜的是,由於沒有法規監管,雜亂無章,不少騙局由此而生。截至2018年,ICO集資額由15億美元,降至8月份的4億,熱情明顯減弱。ICO大勢已去,過去數月,卻蘊釀著討論 STO (Security Tokenization 證券代幣化)的合理性,究竟STO能否接力ICO,再次在幣圈創造傳奇呢? ICO問題 ICO之所以能迅速崛起,只因它能繞過法規集資,惟所帶來的問題是,投資人並沒有得到一個保障,往往投入了加密貨幣,並沒有得到項目方(集資人)的資訊反饋。在現行的ICO下,項目方其實並沒有義務去向投資人提供營運上及財務上的交流,如此資訊不透明的情況,投資人心中的不踏實,不信任,對ICO熱情減退,也是一件十分自然的事情。 衍生出STO 由於上述的問題,集資人須履行的責任很少,故此有很多對於善於包裝的江湖術士,發行一批代幣,大撈一筆比特幣及以太幣,便逃之夭夭了。在2018年,愈來愈多的空氣幣(大約意思是沒有任何價值)形成,同時亦加強了形成幣圈熊市的動力。故此各國的政府就著這樣的亂象,開始加強監控的力度,ICO便有契機演變成STO (Security Token Offering 證券型代幣發行)的時代了。什麼是Security Token? 我們不如先了解一下普遍加密 貨幣的種類: 1 支付型代幣(payment tokens):可以用於支付費用、款項,除了支付功能,其實它並沒有其他特別的用途,就像我們現今的比特幣(Bitcoin),在付款功能上相對最為普及。 2 應用型代幣(utility tokens): 用於提供使用服務或應用程式,用於支付區塊鏈的服務費用,就像現今第二大加密貨幣,以太幣(Ethereum) ,它是以太坊公有鏈(公有區塊鏈)的燃料,行使智能合約(Smart Contract)及Dapp時,須付出相應的以太幣作為費用。 3 證券型代幣(security tokens): 代幣與私有財產掛鉤,例如股份、產地房、基金及商場等等,但是發行這類的代幣在現今是犯法的! 原因是,這類與資產掛鉤的加密貨幣是被定義為證券。證券(Securities)是一種表示財產權的有價憑證,持有者可以依據此憑證,證明其所有權或債權等私權的證明文件。簡單來說,就擁有有價值私產的權利。 現今大行其道的代幣,都是支付型代幣及應用型代幣,偶有遊走於應用型代幣及證券型代幣之間的加密貨幣,在夾縫中存在。為了杜絕騙案,以及保障投資人的權益,美國、法國、澳洲及泰國等不同國家均對ICO加上法例監管,讓這些代幣變成證券型代幣。不過,這樣的演變,各有好壞。 好處1: 打破地域,分割擁有權,釋放資源價值 STO聽起來有點像IPO,只是以代幣形式的存在,其實STO不單可以做到IPO,更可以超越IPO。原因是IPO較偏向於與公司擁有權掛鉤,獲得股利分紅的權益。但STO更可與資產擁有權掛鉤。現時一些資產價值很高的房地產或商廈,往往因為市價太高,很難出售,十分缺乏流動性。誠如早前出售的中環中心,估價402億,能買下的買家有多少? 買家們更要合資組合銀團方可成交,對於遇上急於放急,或融資環境收緊的市場氣氛下,巨型資產擁有人很容易因此而要接受很大的估價折讓,如20-30%。STO是經過政府法規下,利用區塊鏈(Blockchain)的技術,透過代幣形式,把股權分割,套用剛才中環中心的例子,如果我發行了一億個代幣,那是402元港幣一個,這樣分散出售,由於擁有權大幅分割,潛在買家大大提升,這樣,出售價格便會更貼近市值。加上它是應用區域鏈技術打造出來的代幣,理論上沒有地域限制,可以接觸更多的投資人,有利分割出售。 好處2: 保障投資人 剛才提到對於賣家而言,可以增加資產的流動性。相對於投資人而言,亦都增加了保障,因為它受政府所監管,資產擁有人必須要披露其資產在風險、財務、營運及管理團隊等等的資料。雖然各國仍然在監管方面進行研究,監察力度各有不同,總之透明度總體來說便會上升。對於保障投資人而言,對於投資項目更有保障外,更容易進行估值,是好事。 壞處1: 法規成本大增 受著監管,少不免要處量大量來自法律、合規(Compliance) 、會計上的要求,方可進行代幣發行。這樣將會使發行代幣的成本大大的提高。當然,任何事亦有兩個角色,能夠負擔以上龐大的成本及符合以上要求的證券型代幣,它是騙局的機會便大大降低。 壞處2: 投資人受限 除了衍生對於賣家的限制,買家亦無可避免受到不同方面的限制。其中必然會面對合規方面要求,在進行投資前要面對KYC(Know-Your-Customer),CDD(Custome-Due-Diligence)等等要求,變相令到有部分投資人因為過不到合規及法律要求,而不能進行投資。部分國家,如美國券交易委員會會把投資人,按背景及資產狀況,把投資人分成不同級數,愈高級別,投資的項目數量大增。在將來,能投資證券型代幣的人可能被限制於資產水平較高的人,並不會引起全民參與。 能成為將來熱潮嗎? ICO現在演變成了沒有信心基礎的東西,對ICO進行監管是必須,亦是必然。在監管底下,可說是好壞不一,加密貨幣將會與私產結合,那將會是一個以兆為單的位(註:萬億),如此龐大的價值,是兵家必爭的事,從而形成一個全新的產業鏈,創造出不少就業機會。一個熱潮的誕生,說到底都是兩件事,人和資金,假若STO真的成為現實,將來可是一個龐然大物的東西! 不過利益的團體,卻是一眾銀行家及律師行,這樣會形成新的財閥,與大眾漸行漸遠了.... 註: 此文章作者是本人@Polarlight擁有,首發網址是http://ecoinomy.hk/2018/10/14/1099/,發表權利來自本人所有,謝謝
author | polarlight |
---|---|
permlink | ico-sto-security-tokenization |
category | cn-curation |
json_metadata | {"tags":["cn-curation","cn","cn-cryptocurrency"],"image":["https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmaFGRA5UbFqV4vvish74Vrx1wFx1qaAtGt5LXkmTsqeQE/%E6%8E%A5%E5%8A%9B%E5%9C%962.jpg"],"app":"steemit/0.1","format":"markdown","users":["polarlight"],"links":["http://ecoinomy.hk/2018/10/14/1099/,發表權利來自本人所有,謝謝"]} |
created | 2018-10-27 04:55:21 |
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root_title | "ICO熱潮過後,STO (Security Tokenization)會接力成為主打嗎?" |
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voter | weight | wgt% | rshares | pct | time |
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cheetah | 0 | 275,799,407 | 0.08% | ||
htliao | 0 | 349,731,536,672 | 100% | ||
cryptoemperor | 0 | 31,157,357,870 | 93% | ||
yvonnetse | 0 | 47,223,338,443 | 100% | ||
interactive | 0 | 14,737,418,340 | 100% | ||
steemitag | 0 | 3,286,933,791 | 10% | ||
hktraveler | 0 | 1,238,090,639 | 100% | ||
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Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in: http://ecoinomy.hk/2018/10/14/1099/#respond
author | cheetah |
---|---|
permlink | cheetah-re-polarlightico-sto-security-tokenization |
category | cn-curation |
json_metadata | "" |
created | 2018-10-27 04:55:33 |
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root_title | "ICO熱潮過後,STO (Security Tokenization)會接力成為主打嗎?" |
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hi @cheetah, it’s his own website and blog.
author | htliao |
---|---|
permlink | re-cheetah-cheetah-re-polarlightico-sto-security-tokenization-20181027t050556056z |
category | cn-curation |
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created | 2018-10-27 05:05:57 |
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root_title | "ICO熱潮過後,STO (Security Tokenization)會接力成為主打嗎?" |
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voter | weight | wgt% | rshares | pct | time |
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htliao | 0 | 105,827,089,523 | 23% | ||
cryptoemperor | 0 | 35,334,237,804 | 100% | ||
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I am original wirter . This is an another platform for me to piblish my content. Could you cancel the upvoted?
author | polarlight |
---|---|
permlink | re-cheetah-cheetah-re-polarlightico-sto-security-tokenization-20181028t010223250z |
category | cn-curation |
json_metadata | {"tags":["cn-curation"],"app":"steemit/0.1"} |
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root_title | "ICO熱潮過後,STO (Security Tokenization)會接力成為主打嗎?" |
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Congratulations @polarlight! You have completed the following achievement on the Steem blockchain and have been rewarded with new badge(s) : <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/60x60/http://steemitboard.com/notifications/firstpost.png</td><td>You published your First Post</td></tr> <tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/60x60/http://steemitboard.com/notifications/firstvoted.png</td><td>You got a First Vote</td></tr> </table> <sub>_[Click here to view your Board of Honor](https://steemitboard.com/@polarlight)_</sub> <sub>_If you no longer want to receive notifications, reply to this comment with the word_ `STOP`</sub> **Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:** <table><tr><td><a href="https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-notifications-improved"><img src="https://steemitimages.com/64x128/http://i.cubeupload.com/NgygYH.png"></a></td><td><a href="https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-notifications-improved">SteemitBoard notifications improved</a></td></tr></table> > Support [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)! **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**!
author | steemitboard |
---|---|
permlink | steemitboard-notify-polarlight-20181027t085914000z |
category | cn-curation |
json_metadata | {"image":["https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png"]} |
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body_length | 1,243 |
author_reputation | 38,975,615,169,260 |
root_title | "ICO熱潮過後,STO (Security Tokenization)會接力成為主打嗎?" |
beneficiaries | [] |
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Congratulations @polarlight! You have completed the following achievement on the Steem blockchain and have been rewarded with new badge(s) : <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/60x60/http://steemitboard.com/notifications/firstvote.png</td><td>You made your First Vote</td></tr> </table> <sub>_[Click here to view your Board of Honor](https://steemitboard.com/@polarlight)_</sub> <sub>_If you no longer want to receive notifications, reply to this comment with the word_ `STOP`</sub> **Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:** <table><tr><td><a href="https://steemit.com/halloween/@steemitboard/trick-or-treat-publish-your-scariest-halloweeen-story-and-win-a-new-badge"><img src="https://steemitimages.com/64x128/http://i.cubeupload.com/RUyB3u.png"></a></td><td><a href="https://steemit.com/halloween/@steemitboard/trick-or-treat-publish-your-scariest-halloweeen-story-and-win-a-new-badge">Trick or Treat - Publish your scariest halloweeen story and win a new badge</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-notifications-improved"><img src="https://steemitimages.com/64x128/http://i.cubeupload.com/NgygYH.png"></a></td><td><a href="https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-notifications-improved">SteemitBoard notifications improved</a></td></tr></table> > Support [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)! **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**!
author | steemitboard |
---|---|
permlink | steemitboard-notify-polarlight-20181027t165120000z |
category | cn-curation |
json_metadata | {"image":["https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png"]} |
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root_title | "ICO熱潮過後,STO (Security Tokenization)會接力成為主打嗎?" |
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