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Human or computer? - Turing Test by renzoarg

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science · @renzoarg · (edited)
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Human or computer? - Turing Test
<html>
<p>https://s15.postimg.org/x6jgp34ln/header.jpg</p>
<p>If you're reading this, you're doing so with a computer, tablet or phone. Probably today you also sent or read some e-mails, checked your social networks (only Steemit, of course), perhaps bought something from internet: Impossible things, if it wasn't for Alan Turing.</p>
<p>Alan Turing is considered the father of computers. In the movie "The Imitation Game", we can see an adaptation of how Turing, during WW2, worked in the design of a machine that could be able to decipher any enemy message (not the few messages some Polish guys were able to randomly crack, and later gave to him so he would have a base to work over).</p>
<p>https://i.ytimg.com/vi/uAj3w5Yfkdg/maxresdefault.jpg</p>
<p><em>Benedict Cumberbatch as Alan Turing in the movie "The Imitation Game". - Source: Use Google, pal.</em></p>
<p>This kind of machines developed by Turing are the base of today's computers. I didn't quite like the movie (I wanted to see cryptography, not a romance mashup), it's never too bad to talk about this mathematical genius, and what better way to do so than by talking about the Turing Test.</p>
<h3>Why is Alan Turing one of the fathers of computers?</h3>
<p>One of the dreams Alan Turing had, was to design a universal machine, one that could run any kind of calculation. In&nbsp;1936 he published a paper called&nbsp;<em>"On Computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem"</em>&nbsp;(the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entscheidungsproblem" target="_blank">Entscheidunsproblem</a>&nbsp;is a mathematical challenge posed in 1928 by David Hilbert). In this paper, Turing states:</p>
<blockquote>
<p><em>It is possible to invent a single machine which can be used to compute any computable sequence.</em></p>
<p>http://c0.thejournal.ie/media/2013/12/early-computers-2-390x285.jpg</p>
<em>The real Turing, working with "ACE" - Source: Use Google, pal.</em>
</blockquote>
<p>In this paper is where the concept <strong>Turing Machine</strong> is born: An abstract machine able to read and write symbols at an infinite tape. By reading the symbols, the machine would access a list of preset instructions, and execute them according to the symbols it's see. This machine would be programmable: <strong>We'd be able to give it whatever instructions we wish</strong>. This way, this way the machine would be able to solve any calculation given at its infinite tape.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/96/db/1e/96db1e1a124416eecb402dd00020b346.jpg</p>
<em>A real life Turing machine would be similar to this. - Source: Use Google, pal.</em></blockquote>
<p>It is important to highlight that the whole Turing Machine concept is merely abstract and mathematic: We could risk saying that it's the idealization of a computer. Nevertheless, <strong>this is the concept that that in a future developed the computers we know today</strong>. In 1937, Turing started building small multiplication machines. In 1939 he left Cambridge to work at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_Communications_Headquarters#Government_Code_and_Cypher_School_.28GC.26CS.29" target="_blank"><em>Government Code and Cypher School</em></a> (GC&amp;CS), a secret department&nbsp;(back then) of the British Intelligence where, among other things, German signals where tapped during WW2. In there, <strong>Alan Turing and his team designed and built a machine able to crack the German's encrypted messages</strong>. The funny thing, is that this machine was able to decrypt ANY message, despite the fact that the Germans changed their encryption method every day. This, played a vital role during the WW2.</p>
<h3>What is the Turing Test?</h3>
<p>As Turing and his colleagues designed machines with a larger calculation capability, an obvious question arose: <strong>To what point can these machines think by themselves?</strong> Turing's Machine did not only settled the base for a computer, but also for AIs.</p>
<p>Turing's &nbsp;<a href="http://www.loebner.net/Prizef/TuringArticle.html" target="_blank">paper at "The Imitation Game</a>" (1950), starts with the following question:</p>
<p><em>I propose to consider the question, "Can machines think?"</em></p>
<p>Turing was one of the first ones proposing the fundamental concept in the AI area: <strong>Given that it is hard to define what are we talking about when we say "thinking", a better way to evaluate that in a computer would be if it can emulate the human thinking.</strong>:</p>
<p><em>Are there imaginable digital computers which would do well in the imitation game?</em></p>
<p>The "imitation game" consists in 3 participants:</p>
<ol>
  <li>A man</li>
  <li>A woman</li>
  <li>A judge, male or female, that cannot see the other participants and can only communicate with them with written notes</li>
</ol>
<p>The judge's labor consists in finding out who's the man and who's the woman, based only in the answers he receives. <strong>This game is what Turing used as base to design what we call today Turing Test</strong>.</p>
<p>Turing proposes <strong>to replace one of the first two participants with a computer.</strong></p>
<blockquote>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Turing_Test_version_3.png/220px-Turing_Test_version_3.png</blockquote>
<p><em>Turing Test: the judge (C) does not know that one of the participants is a computer. - Source: Use Google, pal.</em></p>
<p>At Turing's proposal, the judge does not know that one of the participants is a computer. The idea is to measure how many times the judge is wrong with his judgement. <strong>If once a human is replaced by a computer and the judge keeps "missing" at the same proportions he did with two other humans participating; we can say that the computer passed the test.</strong></p>
<p><strong>A machine able to "play the game", would pass the Turing Test and we could say it is a "thinking machine"</strong>. This does not highlight "how" the machine thinks, but how it emulates human thinking. Today, there's several variations to this test, yet the base structure is the same.</p>
<h3>Has a computer ever passed the test?</h3>
<p>From time to time we hear news about one doing so, yet the most accurate one is the case of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Goostman" target="_blank">Eugene Goostman</a>, a chat-bot that convinced&nbsp;10 out of 30 judges that he was truly an Ukrainian 13 year old kid, with poor English skills... in a 5 minute test.</p>
<p>Some criticized that Eugene's conversation skills were too grotesque to be considered a "pass".</p>
<h3>What does the Turing Test tells us about AI?</h3>
<p>Turing himself stated that <strong>his test did not measure intelligence, but the imitation skill</strong>. Today, AI has taken paths much more complex than people could've guessed back in 1950. Yet, Turing nailed it at something: Since we cannot define intelligence, we cannot judge if a machine is or is not. <strong>We can only measure how much of what we want it to do, it does.</strong></p>
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vote details (83)
@brianphobos · 
Very interesting expansion.  I saw the movie referenced in the picture when it first came out.
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@renzoarg · 
Beware that the movie had LOTS of "poetic licences"... you know, movies try to idealize "heroes" to get better sales.
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@cryptohazard · 
In a sense you wonder why does it matter man or machine? I mean we interact with people we most likely will never see. It is like I have a question and I get my answer and I am happy. Although I do prefer to speak with someone :-)
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@dwinblood · 
Nice post.   I was making a mock up for an idea for a different landing page and I saw your post and realized I missed it.

I posted different information than yours several weeks ago on the topic of turing tests.   I have some examples of Eliza, Racter, and a simple little experiment people count try in the post.   If you are interested check it <a href="https://steemit.com/writing/@dwinblood/computer-hello-computer-musings-on-turing-tests-and-communication">out</a>.

I am glad people other than myself are into it.  Your post did quite well, mine had very little interest.    Though my presentation and writing were not nearly as nice as yours. :)
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@lemouth · (edited)
Thanks for this article. 

I recently saw the 'ex machina' movie (that I enjoyed) on AI and the Turing test. I recommend it :)
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@sompitonov · 
>A machine able to "play the game"

<a href="https://www.steemimg.com/image/gPCtE"><img src="https://www.steemimg.com/images/2016/08/27/999999999999999c229a.gif" alt="999999999999999c229a.gif" border="0"></a>

**Interesting post, thank you!**
👍  
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vote details (1)
@survivalist.com · 
Here are 5 posts you should read on Steemit about AI!

https://steemit.com/elon-musk/@stellabelle/elon-musk-s-neural-lace-one-night-inside-a-cult-and-more-a-post-for-people-with-short-attention-spans

https://steemit.com/anarchism/@ai-guy/3gjiju-killer-robots-artificial-intelligence-and-human-extinction

http://futurism.com/an-ai-just-defeated-human-fighter-pilots-in-an-air-combat-simulator/

https://steemit.com/scientific-research/@federicopistono/i-am-federico-pistono-ai-researcher

https://steemit.com/ai/@inkidy/is-a-i-artificial-intelligence-a-danger-to-humanity
👎  
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vote details (1)
@renzoarg · 
Thanks for the spam, I'll make sure to not even open them.
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@susanne · 
Thanks for sharing @renzoarg.
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@the-future · (edited)
You are very creative, I hope you will take part at this [challenge](https://steemit.com/steemianschallenge/@the-future/steemianschallenge-it-s-time-for-whales-and-dolphins-to-make-something-different).
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