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Other space agencies such as NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) are considering the potential implementation of Blockchain technology in space missions and internal operations.

In September 2017, NASA, the assistant professor of Akron University (UA), gave Jin Wei a $ 333,000 grant to make space equipment smarter and more autonomous.

The research program titled "RNCP: A Robust Networking and Calculation Paradigm for NASA Space Research" seeks to improve NASA space probe automation, environmental awareness and intelligence, a crucial requirement for deep space missions.

Thomas Kacpura, communication program manager at NASA's Glenn Research Center, used the following statements:


> **"The aim here is to apply Blocchain technology and distributed intelligence to the assets of the space and location network, and if successful, our overall goal will be to include Dr. Wei's research on our team and optimize our communications networks with it."**

ESA is also quietly exploring innovative Blokchain based solutions. In the near future, the Agency is investigating the applicability of blockhain technologies to ESA's key activities in the field and administrative areas. A paper entitled "Distributorship Technology: Benefit from Blocks for ESA's Success" written by trainee Torben David and senior coordinator Gianluigi Baldesi presents a summary of block-chain technology and its main applications and then lists various potential applications.


It should be noted that the ESA journal focuses on administrative processes to implement Blokchain technology, but NASA does not focus on embedded block-chain technology for space hardware and software within RNCP. However, since ESA's blockchain technology research is just beginning, it is thought that applications to be made to space missions will be considered from time to time.

Baldesi confirmed the agency's intensive interest in the potential applications of Blockhain technology and a forward-looking approach, in a meeting with Bitcoin Magazine. ESA launched the "Research Threats and Opportunities" initiative, under the "Space 4.0" era, which has different space actors around the world, including rising private companies and citizen groups powered by digital technologies. The consulting firm received the support of Frost & Sullivan and hosted a workshop on October 23, 2017 at the ESTEC technical center in Noordwijk, the Netherlands.

Baldesi used the expression "We must adapt to learning, to change the culture of activity and open-mindedness at every opportunity, as in Space 4.0 - as it is in our own lives". A few presentations discuss Blockchain technology as a fundamental element of a disruptive innovation that includes a wide range of industries. Potential space applications of block-chain technology, mission statement; intelligent contracts and intelligent procurement to optimize the supply chain; and knowledge management that applications can include virtual spacecraft (traceability and configuration consistency) and configuration control (hardware and documentation).

Baldesi announced that the Agency is providing a discovery research contract for block-chain technology such as a Satcom Maker Space initiative involving Internet of Objects (IOT) solutions for satellite telecommunications and a "Testbed for Blockchain supporting satellite M2M / IOT". A "Fintech" example intended for innovative Fintech-related applications and services on the basis of the integration of space and super-technology.

The management and "direct democracy" practices mentioned in the status report are particularly interesting. Baldesi explained that Agency Director General Johann-Dietrich Wörner, known for his strong support for such brave and visionary entrepreneurs as "Moon Village," is determined to systematically use tools such as Kahoot for decision-making.

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