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How Intelligent Is "Artificial Intelligence"? by samminator

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technology · @samminator · (edited)
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How Intelligent Is "Artificial Intelligence"?
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<h2>Introduction</h2>
<p>The term "Artificial Intelligence (AI)" has become very popular in this era, all thanks to emerging technology. But the question that has remained in the grey area is "have we truly achieved a state of artificial intelligence in machines?" Don't be too quick to answer in the affirmative or negative. Let's take a little survey of the advancements of AI, and of course the grey areas in AI.</p>
<p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/vniGhMu.jpg"/></p>
<p>[Image Source: <a href="https://pixabay.com/en/cranium-head-abstract-art-thought-3244101/">Pixabay</a>. CC0 Licensed]</p>
<p><br></p>
<p>Before we consider the advancements in AI, let us look at the original intent behind the invention of AI. <code>This is because, people have; most times; mistaken smart devices to mean AI</code>.</p>
<h2>Idea behind AI</h2>
<p>Artificial intelligence is actually a sub-discipline of "machine Learning". And we know that machine learning is the ability of machines to acquire new sets of information. But in the area of AI, the idea behind this was to create some kind of tech that will allow machines to simulate the human cognitive abilities. Now this is where the grey area lies: has this been achieved?</p>
<p>Before I continue, here's a little tip for you: <code>The term "Artificial Intelligence" was coined in 1955 by the computer scientist and programmer, John McCarthy</code>. Now you see, AI is not as new as you think. According to the book authored by McCarthy; <a href="http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/ascribing.pdf">Ascribing Mental Qualities To Machines</a>, A particular line caught my attention, and I would like to reiterate it here.</p>
<blockquote>Mental qualities related to the motivational structure of humans (such as; hate and love) may not be required of the behaviour of AI, but we can create machines to exhibit these qualities. - John McCarthy. [Paraphrased from <a href="http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/ascribing.pdf">Ascribing Mental qualities to machines.pdf</a>.]</blockquote>
<p>Now this is a statement by the man recognized as the founding father of AI. Taking a look at the second part of the phrase "we can create machines to exhibit these qualities", one could ask "how far have we gone in creating these machines?". Let us look at another insight by David poole, et al. In their book; "<a href="http://www3.u-toyama.ac.jp/tanglab/content51/filed/CI.pdf">Computational Intelligence</a>", they often used the term "<strong>computational intelligence</strong>" in lieu of "artificial intelligence".</p>
<p>What does this tell you? very simple, they are trying to sideline other domains of human abilities and focusing on just the cognitive domain (remember there are other domains, like the efferent domain, and the psychomotor domain).</p>
<p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/fAOYx0j.jpg"/></p>
<p>[Image Source: <a href="https://pixabay.com/en/anatomy-biology-brain-thought-mind-1751201/">Pixabay</a>. CC0 Licensed]</p>
<h2>Real intelligence or synthetic intelligence?</h2>
<p>It has been widely believed that artificial intelligence is the simulation of the human-level of intelligence in an unnatural way. Okay, no doubt, this is actually correct for a greater part of it. What about the area of "common sense"?. As common as this might sound, it still forms an integral part of the human intelligence.</p>
<p>No doubt, this is an aspect that has been kept in the grey area, even with all the advancements and complexities we have seen in the AI world. "Can you really make an AI to have common sense?" This question could pop up in your mind, but I would remind you that common sense has to do with the ability of descriptive judgement which deals with the awareness of facts, perception of environment, and abilities to discern changes in the immediate surroundings. Looking at this holistically, it would be difficult to say that any AI has fulfilled this description. Though advances are being made by the <em>Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence</em>, in the creation of a tech that can incorporate common sense into AI, which they codenamed "<a href="http://allenai.org/alexandria/">project Alexandria</a>". But remember this phrase:</p>
<blockquote>Common sense is not common at all</blockquote>
<p>Also, moving away from the common sense is another aspect, and that is "emotions". This is part of the efferent domain of human intelligence. But the question here is: "Has emotions been truly given to AIs?" Emotion has been one of the distinguishing factors between humans and machines; this covers things like; love, hate, anger, jealousy, affection, etc. And the fact is, AI is based on some form of pre-defined algorithms which enables them to relate a real-life scenario from a database of similar experiences. <code>But you know, love for example, does not come from database</code>. So has AI been incorporated with this ability? Maybe we could have lovebots, but does this equate to the natural affectionate love?</p>
<p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/UaGy5Od.jpg"/></p>
<p>[Image Source: <a href="https://pixabay.com/en/robot-flower-technology-future-1214536/">Pixabay</a>. CC0 licensed]</p>
<p>Another point I would like to raise is the issue of self-awareness. No doubt, this is another distinguishing factor between humans and machines, which has to do with consciousness. Here's a word by the futurist, Ian Pearson, which I have made mention of before, but I still feel a necessity to reiterate it again:</p>
<blockquote>AI could be billion times smarter than human. - Ian Pearson. <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/13/a-i-will-be-billions-of-times-smarter-than-humans-man-and-machine-need-to-merge.html">Source</a> [paraphrased by me]&nbsp;</blockquote>
<p>But does this equate to consciousness? In the pursuit of this, another form of Machine Intelligence has arisen, which is; "<strong>Artificial Consciousness (AC)</strong>". What is the purpose of this? To simulate the brain power of humans in machines, which would give machines the abilities to draw inferences from the systematic reviews of their environment. This attribute has been exclusively preserved for humans, but can this be replicated with machines? With the advancements in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_general_intelligence">Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)</a>, the actualization of this could be near.</p>
<p>Have you ever wondered why it has been said that "the future would favour technology over biology"? This is because the biological functions that have been the absolute prerogative of humans alone are now in serious contention of being simulated by technology in an unnatural way. But so far, how intelligent can we say that AI is?</p>
<p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/NXDu720.jpg"/></p>
<p>[Image Source: <a href="https://pixabay.com/en/robot-woman-face-cry-sad-3010309/">Pixabay</a>. CC0 licensed]</p>
<p>Remember; AI does not also cover the creative power inherent in the human mind, but the truth is, AI is still advancing. Maybe in the future, we could have a truly intelligent machine.</p>
<h2>Conclusion</h2>
<p>The term "AI" has been used in this era to represent the simulation of the cognitive functions of humans in machines. But there are some other grey areas which I mentioned, like; consciousness, emotions, common sense, etc. Without these aspects fully represented in an AI, would the term "intelligence" still suffice for their description? Your opinion is as good as mine.</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><em><strong>Thanks for reading</strong></em></p>
<blockquote>References for further reading:</blockquote>
<ul>
  <li><a href="http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/ascribing.pdf">Ascribing Mental Qualities To Machines.pdf</a></li>
  <li><a href="http://www3.u-toyama.ac.jp/tanglab/content51/filed/CI.pdf">Computational Intelligence.pdf</a></li>
  <li><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence">Wikipedia/Artificial Intelligence</a></li>
  <li><a href="https://www.techopedia.com/definition/190/artificial-intelligence-ai">Techopedia</a></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>All Images are CC0 licensed and are linked to their sources</blockquote>
<p><img src="https://i.imgsafe.org/ae/ae9cc89fec.jpeg" width="239" height="164"/></p>
<p><img src="https://steemitimages.com/DQmf18V3PQenbUzYfkZcWSVGgmV5CtZNymi824SYwAQ2GTp/DQmf18V3PQenbUzYfkZcWSVGgmV5CtZNymi824SYwAQ2GTp.gif" width="1000" height="253"/></p>
<p>gif by @foundation</p>
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@a-0-0 · 
https://www.youtube.com/paulbegley34
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@christinaa ·
$0.02
> Remember; AI does not also cover the creative power inherent in the human mind.

### I agree with that quote.... 
But machine learning can achieve a great rate at processing data and can analyze a given problem over multi dimention simultaneously.... 
#### It may lag behind in terms of creative thinking but AI has a great potential on solving given problems in quick time.
Still a long way to go until we can call it **Really** intelligent..!

~ *[Christina Jane](https://steemit.com/@christinaa)*|<center>![Engagement_Officer.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmQzc6iabzjf7c7JF7Uv7AT5RT1HAf5RPiaSvAeA5ABZcQ/Engagement_Officer.png)</center>
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@penauthor · 
I sometimes get worried when I hear artificial intelligence. I fear a time will come when there would be no jobs left because machines, having acquired cognitive abilities would be able to do what humans can do, and even better and faster.

@penauthor
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@christinaa · 
May b tht will happen one day..!
who knows...!? :p
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@gentleshaid · 
I am not scared a bit. The activities of machines still need to be regulated and who will do it? humans!
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@samminator · 
>AI has a great potential on solving given problems in quick time.

Depending on the kind of question. Let's take for example a very logical question that involves a combination of critical thinking and common sense, like: "If I light a candle from both ends, will it burn vertically or horizontally?".
Common sense would tell you that you don't light candle from both ends. That's why the processing abilities of AI are not covered in area of creative reasoning.
Also, in the handling of large volume of data, the human brain can store up some petabytes of data, which is way beyond the limit of any AI. 
But like I said, AI is still advancing.

Thanks for dropping by
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@christinaa · 
yep, thts the critical thinking part which AI still lags behind human mind..!
### AI can perform multi dimensional task than human brain is not capable of.
A team from UNSW developed an AI which can give u the best way to produce Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC).
It took years for the scientist to find out the correct comination of laser beams which can produce BEC and the physicists were awarded Nobel prize for this experiment in 2001.
### But that AI recreated that experiment just within an hour..! 🔫
This is where i see the potential of emerging AI..!!!

more news abt tht AI can be found here in [Forbes](https://www.forbes.com/sites/bridaineparnell/2016/05/17/ai-recreates-nobel-prize-physics-experiment/amp/) article..!
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@gentleshaid · 
No matter how advanced AI, biological intelligence would always be ahead of it. We are forgetting that it is the evolution of human brain that gave rise to the technology that gave rise to AI. This same brain will kee evolving and with time, AI will become obsolete unless humans keep upgrading it, meaning that biological intelligence would always be a step ahead of AI. My take. btw, nice article
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@samminator · 
Yeah. But even the process of evolution now is being mutilation by technology. It's no longer evolution by natural selection, but by "technological selection" or what we call "technovolution". 
Also remember that humans have been seen as biological machines.
 If this is the case, then we could be faced with a scenario in which possibilities would be created to simulate the functions of these "biological machines".

Thanks for dropping by buddy
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@henrychidiebere · 
Wow, I had fun going through your work and I must commend you man. I know that AI has always taken the tone of machine consciousness but addition of emotion to that always makes me afraid cause with consciousness and emotion, the machine would want to be treated like humans and this is not possible which would give rise to something really funny. I don't even want to think about it. I guess you know about terminator very well. lol
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@mittymartz · 
I really love the topic.... But the question rely got me

How intelligent is AI.... I believe it really intelligent even if it is futuristic but all well and good.... If what we have studied and read about is coming to reality.... AI IS very intelligent
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@samminator · 
Lol. Let's just say that the technology of AI is still emerging. Maybe we could see the super intelligent machines soon.

Thanks man
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