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[ESP-ENG] ¿Sabes qué es el cantar de gesta? | Do you know what "cantar de gesta" is? by saydij

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· @saydij ·
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[ESP-ENG] ¿Sabes qué es el cantar de gesta? | Do you know what "cantar de gesta" is?
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# <center>¡Bienvenido!</center>   

Si vienes de mi post sobre *El Cantar de Roldán*, me alegra que hayas vuelto para la segunda parte. Si te topaste con este post por curiosidad, te invito a [leerlo.](https://peakd.com/hive-179291/@saydij/esp-eng-te-sorprendera-todo-lo-que-hay-detras-de-este-libro-or-you-will-be-surprised-by-everything-that-lies-behind-this-book) De antemano agradezco mucho a todos por el apoyo que he recibido en cada una de mis publicaciones.

En el post anterior sobre *El Cantar de Roldán* toqué algunos aspectos históricos del poema. Esta segunda parte va a tratar sobre **el cantar de gesta** como sub-género lírico. Pónganse cómodos y disfruten. He trabajo al rededor de una semana en este análisis basado en mis notas de clases en Literaturas Occidentales II. 

Como dije antes, si hay alguna observación por hacer o crítica, siempre y cuando sea de forma constructiva y respetuosa, será bienvenida. Cada palabra aquí escrita ha sido mi trabajo personal. De modo que el uso de este contenido para otro propósito sin mi consentimiento, sería plagio, pero eso seguramente lo saben. Del mismo modo, aclaro que lo que haya usado como cita, será debidamente referido. De resto, todo es creación propia. Aclaro esto para que no hayan señalamientos de plagio. Esto también lo comenté en mi post anterior.

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> <center>
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> # <center>Welcome!</center>

>If you're coming from my post on *El Cantar de Roldán*, I'm glad you're back for part two. If you stumbled upon this post out of curiosity, I invite you to read it. Here is the link. In advance I thank you all very much for the support I have received in each of my posts.

>In the previous post about *El Cantar de Roldán* I touched on some historical aspects of the poem. This second part is going to deal with the genre song as a lyric sub-genre. Make yourselves comfortable and enjoy. I have worked for about a week on this analysis based on my lecture notes in Western Literatures II. 

>As I said before, if there is any observation to be made or criticism, as long as it is constructive and respectful, it will be welcome. Every word written here has been my personal work. So the use of this content for another purpose without my consent, would be plagiarism, but surely you know that. Likewise, I clarify that whatever I have used as a quotation, will be duly referenced. Otherwise, everything is my own creation. I clarify this so that there are no accusations of plagiarism. I also commented this in my previous post.

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# <center>Punto cero del cantar de gesta</center>   

Originalmente, era la exaltación de caudillos tribales. Este es el punto, a mi parecer, fascinante del asunto ¿Imaginan a un soldado que al mismo tiempo que va con su ejército, canta las proezas de su caudillo tribal? Así empieza el cantar de gesta como sub-género lírico (lírico porque eran poemas hechos para ser cantados, acompañados de un instrumento musical). Era la canción que servía de crónica para celebrar los logros y las gestas de armas del líder tribal.

Quien hacía este primer canto era un soldado que iba junto a la tropa, es decir, un poeta testigo. Estamos hablando entonces, de un guerrero-poeta-testigo; que veía los hechos y cantaba loas a las gestas que el señor y su ejército iban llevando a cabo 

<center>**¡Fascinante! ¿Verdad?**</center> 

<center>https://media.giphy.com/media/5VKbvrjxpVJCM/giphy.gif
[Fuente](https://media.giphy.com/media/5VKbvrjxpVJCM/giphy.gif)</center>   

Pero no solo se trata de un poema de exaltación, sino que también servía de propaganda política.

Otro aspecto interesante es cómo se ve reflejada la tradición heredada de lo greco-latino, como la *Ilíada* y la *Odisea*: todos estos caudillos y grandes guerreros existieron, eran los líderes que el poeta convierte en héroes. Pero fuera de ese poema esos líderes tribales eran hombres cualquiera, bárbaros, incluso malvados. Una vez establecidas las cortes que mencionaba antes, el poema descendió de la casa del señor feudal hasta el pueblo; de ahí a la plaza pública, donde era cantado y actuado, convirtiéndose en un cantar popular. 

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> # <center>Zero point of the cantar de gesta</center>

>Originally, it was the exaltation of tribal warlords. This is the, in my opinion, fascinating point of the matter. Can you imagine a soldier who, at the same time that he goes with his army, sings the exploits of his tribal leader? Thus begins the cantar de gesta as a lyrical sub-genre (lyrical because they were poems made to be sung, accompanied by a musical instrument). It was the song that served as a chronicle to celebrate the achievements and feats of arms of the tribal leader.

> <center>**Fascinating, right?**</center> 

>The one who sang this first song was a soldier who went along with the troop, that is, a witness poet. We are talking then, of a warrior-poet-witness, who saw the facts and sang praises to the deeds that the lord and his army were carrying out. 

>But it is not only a poem of exaltation, but also served as political propaganda.

>Another interesting aspect is how it reflects the tradition inherited from the Greco-Latin, such as the *Iliad* and the *Odyssey*: all these warlords and great warriors existed, they were the leaders that the poet turns into heroes. But outside that poem those tribal leaders were just any men, barbarians, even evil. Once the courts I mentioned before were established, the poem descended from the feudal lord's house to the village; from there to the public square, where it was sung and performed, becoming a popular song. 

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# <center>Arquetipos que han permanecido en la psique de la humanidad</center>   

Uno de los conceptos y principios de la poética de *El Cantar de Roldán* es el **Mester de Juglaria**. La maestría del juglar consistía en hacer los versos más perfectos posibles y tener la capacidad de improvisar cambiando versos y estrofas; y utilizando versos de anclaje para retomar el hilo. Si eres de Venezuela y has escuchado llaneras, del mismo modo funcionaba en esta época: componer versos que cuentan una historia o situación, ésto viene de la Edad Media.


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[Fuente](http://comunicacionmac.blogspot.com/2017/09/musica-llanera.html)</center>   


Por eso la literatura oral era tan importante en ésta época, porque el núcleo fundamental era la historia, y ese núcleo era cantado de diferentes maneras por diferentes juglares. Imaginemos aquélla época: no existía lo que hoy conocemos como medios de comunicación. Era la forma en que las personas se enteraban de lo que ocurría. 

No solo era un poema que servía de entretenimiento y recreación, era noticia recitada en forma de copla. Lo más interesante es que de esa forma el pueblo se apropiaba de esos líderes, eran símbolos de identificación, de modo que además tenía una importancia sociológica. **Era parte de la idiosincracia del pueblo. Roldán era un símbolo de identificación. El pueblo decía “todos somos Roldán”.**

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> <center>
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> # <center>Archetypes that have remained in the psyche of humanity</center>

> One of the concepts and principles of the poetics of *El Cantar de Roldán* is **the Mester de Juglaria**. The mastery of the minstrel consisted of making the most perfect verses possible and having the ability to improvise by changing verses and stanzas; and using anchor verses to pick up the thread. If you are from Venezuela and have heard "llaneras", the same way it worked in this era: composing verses that tell a story or situation, this comes from the Middle Ages.
 
> That's why oral literature was so important at that time, because the fundamental nucleus was the story, and that nucleus was sung in different ways by different minstrels. Let's imagine that time: there was no such thing as what we know today as mass media. It was the way people found out what was going on. 

> It was not only a poem that served as entertainment and recreation, it was news recited in the form of a couplet. The most interesting thing is that in this way the people appropriated these leaders, they were symbols of identification, so that it also had a sociological importance. It was part of the idiosyncrasy of the people. **Roldán was a symbol of identification. The people said "we are all Roldán".**

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<sub><center>[Bibliografía de apoyo: *Estudios sobre la lírica medieval - Don Ramon Menéndez Pidal*](https://www.fundacionaquae.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Estudios-sobre-l%C3%ADrica-medieval.pdf)</center></sub>


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<sub> Edición by [Canva](https://www.canva.com/)</sub>

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 <sub>Traducción realizada con; [Deep Traductor](https://www.deepl.com/translator)</sub>

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@saydij ·
¡Agradecida!
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@soltecno ·
De la forma en que lo entiendo: la idea era mantener en alto la moral de la tropa, cuando tus seguidores se sienten animados por la fuerza del líder, entonces son capaces de ir más allá de lo que consideraban posible. Luego se lo atribuían a la fuerza del líder.
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@saydij ·
Exactamente. Exaltación y propaganda política. Gracias por leer. 
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