![image.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/stefano.massari/23y94L3TyFj9tRGc84JUGd4JnujFE3drmz9RL3M87oYHYGEs4mhwqJybDMJsXqnmBtAWB.png) --- *~~~ La versione in italiano inizia subito dopo la versione in inglese ~~~* --- **ENGLISH** 27-03-2024 - Physics - Fundamentals of thermodynamics (3/13)[EN]-[IT] **Mayer's report** Mayer's relation states that the difference between Cp and Cv is always equal to the ideal gas constant. ![image.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/stefano.massari/23tcNRVyjPfJWszG4VAqBXJxLE1Rqg3M4ie23uTCt8ePtBgg4NmUSr7Uk1xuxWACnz3tA.png) Where: R = ideal gas constant Cp = Molar specific heat at constant pressure Cv = Molar specific heat at constant volume Mayer's relation establishes that for a transformation at constant volume the molar specific heat Cv is generally lower than that at constant pressure Cp. What comes from Mayer's report? From Mayer's report we learn that at constant pressure it is necessary to supply more heat to vary the temperature of a mole of gas by 1°K, because part of the heat supplied is used by the gas to do work by varying its volume. **1st Gibbs equation** ![image.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/stefano.massari/23tw9yBHVfPNxNWeUjQYqtCdaAJq1epAtFKVxbhcqirVjLGz8XNbdQ1iPn5xVrwjyz5Ny.png) **Notes on Isentropic Transformations** First of all, let's clarify the concept of isentropic transformation. An isentropic transformation, in thermodynamics, is a transformation that occurs at constant entropy. The ratio between the specific heats at constant pressure and constant volume of a gas is of particular importance in calculations regarding the expansion and compression of gases. The ratio between the specific heats at constant pressure and constant volume of a gas is always greater than 1 ![image.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/stefano.massari/23tcPAu8ndzHcunQnrEq4jCbBnBNptDkhQmiRS4NAh2hbjWQbSQJuxecz1mBGhmFqFrLL.png) An isentropic transformation is represented by the following equation: ![image.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/stefano.massari/23uFw4zFjMVz5p1YNQ72NQvkKTyyKgax6DghrfX6kjU99mTzEtie6ysMa2wEMpbZRFGnu.png) **Clapeyron's plan** The Clapeyron plane is a Cartesian plane with orthogonal axes in which the volume value appears on the abscissa and the pressure value on the ordinate. It is used to study thermodynamic transformations. NOTE: *Adiabatic transformation* (transformation that occurs without heat exchanges with the outside) On the Clapeyron plane it is represented by an inclined hyperbola. *Isothermal transformation* (thermodynamic transformation at constant temperature) On the Clapeyron plane a hyperbola is represented by a hyperbola less inclined than that of an adiabatic one. *Isobaric transformation* (thermodynamic transformation at constant pressure) On the Clapeyron plane it is represented by a straight line parallel to the abscissae. *Isochoric transformation* (thermodynamic transformation in which the volume remains constant) On the Clapeyron plane it is represented by a straight line parallel to the ordinates. **The T-S thermodynamic plane** In addition to the P-V plane (pressure - volume), thermodynamic transformations can be represented on the T-S plane (temperature - entropy) In the T-S plane an isothermal transformation (at constant temperature) is represented as a straight line parallel to the abscissas. In the T-S plane an adiabatic transformation (without heat exchange) is represented as a straight line perpendicular to the abscissas. In the T-S plane the isochoric curve has a higher tangent than the isobaric one. **Thermodynamics of closed systems** Typical design of a closed thermodynamic system. ![image.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/stefano.massari/EoH5A8HaE4FZHvKejpuUxmLwL4z5PDH2TrGRk3CdcQeA5CxcoCGZYeYyBsghevnEqLX.png) *thermal tanks* Thermal or mechanical tanks are large systems that enjoy the property that the intensive variable associated with the flows always remains constant. *SET* The acronym SET refers to a thermal tank that only allows heat exchanges, following which its temperature does not vary. *Second law* The second law of thermodynamics for an isolated system states that it is not possible to create a heat machine capable of transforming all the heat into work. **Conclusions** The laws that concern thermodynamics are many and specific, in conclusion we can remember one of the most important laws of thermodynamics, that is, the second law of thermodynamics for an isolated system. This states that it is not possible to create a heat machine capable of transforming all the heat into work. **Request** Have you studied thermodynamic transformations on the P-V plane or on the T-S plane? --- https://images.hive.blog/1536x0/https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/green77/gGQutTRs-hive-spacer.png --- 27-03-2024 - Fisica - Fondamenti di termodinamica (3/13)[EN]-[IT] **Relazione di Mayer** La relazione di Mayer afferma che la differenza tra Cp e Cv sempre uguale alla costante dei gas perfetti. ![image.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/stefano.massari/23tcNRVyjPfJWszG4VAqBXJxLE1Rqg3M4ie23uTCt8ePtBgg4NmUSr7Uk1xuxWACnz3tA.png) Dove: R = costante dei gas perfetti Cp = Calore specifico molare a pressione costante Cv = Calore specifico molare a volume costante La relazione di Mayer stabilisce che per una trasformazione a volume costante il calore specifico molare Cv è in generale minore di quello a pressione costante Cp. Cosa scaturisce dalla relazione di Mayer? Dalla relazione di Mayer si apprende che a pressione costante è necessario fornire più calore per far variare di 1°K la temperatura di una mole di gas, perché parte del calore fornito viene usato dal gas per compiere lavoro facendo variare il proprio volume. **1a equazione di Gibbs** ![image.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/stefano.massari/23tw9yBHVfPNxNWeUjQYqtCdaAJq1epAtFKVxbhcqirVjLGz8XNbdQ1iPn5xVrwjyz5Ny.png) **Note sulle Le trasformazioni isoentropiche** Prima di tutto chiariamo il concetto di trasformazione isoentropica. Una trasformazione isoentropica, in termodinamica, è una trasformazione che avviene a entropia costante. Il rapporto tra i calori specifici a pressione e a volume costante di un gas è di particolare importanza nei calcoli riguardante l'espansione e la compressione dei gas. Il rapporto tra i calori specifici a pressione e a volume costante di un gas è sempre maggiore di 1 ![image.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/stefano.massari/23tcPAu8ndzHcunQnrEq4jCbBnBNptDkhQmiRS4NAh2hbjWQbSQJuxecz1mBGhmFqFrLL.png) Una trasformazione isoentropica è rappresentata dalla seguente equazione: ![image.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/stefano.massari/23uFw4zFjMVz5p1YNQ72NQvkKTyyKgax6DghrfX6kjU99mTzEtie6ysMa2wEMpbZRFGnu.png) **Il piano di Clapeyron** Il piano di Clapeyron è un piano cartesiano ad assi ortogonali nei quali compare in ascissa il valore del volume e in ordinata quello della pressione. Viene usato per studiare le trasformazioni termodinamiche. NOTE: *Trasformazione adiabatica* (trasformazione che avviene senza scambi di calore con l'esterno) Sul piano di Clapeyron è rappresentata da un iperbole inclinata. *Trasformazione isoterma* (trasformazione termodinamica a temperatura costante) Sul piano di Clapeyron è rappresentata da un iperbole iperbole meno inclinata di quella che potrebbe essere quella di un adiabatica. *Trasformazione isobara* (trasformazione termodinamica a pressione costante) Sul piano di Clapeyron è rappresentata da una retta parallela alle ascisse. *Trasformazione isocora* (trasformazione termodinamica in cui il volume rimane costante) Sul piano di Clapeyron è rappresentata da una retta parallela alle ordinate. **Il piano termodinamico T-S** Oltre al piano P-V (pressione - volume), le trasformazioni termodinamiche possono essere rappresentate sul piano T-S (temperatura - entropia) Nel piano T-S una trasformazione isoterma (a temperatura costante) è rappresentata come una retta parallela alle ascisse. Nel piano T-S una trasformazione adiabatica (senza scambi di calore) è rappresentata come una retta perpendicolare alle ascisse. Nel piano T-S la curva isocora ha tangente più elevata rispetto a quella isobara. **Termodinamica dei sistemi chiusi** Tipico disegno di un sistema termodinamico chiuso. ![image.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/stefano.massari/EoH5A8HaE4FZHvKejpuUxmLwL4z5PDH2TrGRk3CdcQeA5CxcoCGZYeYyBsghevnEqLX.png) *serbatoi termici* I serbatoi termici o meccanici sono dei sistemi di grandi dimensioni che godono della proprietà che la variabile intensiva associata ai flussi rimane sempre costante. *SET* Con la sigla SET si intende un serbatoio termico che consente solo scambi di calore, inseguito ai quali la sua temperatura non varia. *Seconda legge* La seconda legge della termodinamica per un sistema isolato stabilisce che non è possibile realizzare una macchina termica capace di trasformare tutto il calore in lavoro. **Conclusioni** Le leggi che riguardano la termodinamica sono tante e specifiche, in conclusione possiamo ricordare una delle leggi più importanti della termodinamica, cioè la seconda legge della termodinamica per un sistema isolato. Questa afferma che non è possibile realizzare una macchina termica capace di trasformare tutto il calore in lavoro. **Domanda** Avete vai studiato trasformazioni termodinamiche sul piano P-V oppure sul piano T-S? **THE END**
author | stefano.massari |
---|---|
permlink | 27-03-2024-physics-fundamentals-of-thermodynamics-313en-it |
category | hive-146620 |
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author | discovery-it |
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permlink | re-stefano-massari-jr79r5xn18 |
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!discovery 30
author | libertycrypto27 |
---|---|
permlink | re-stefanomassari-2024328t15055698z |
category | hive-146620 |
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In questo articolo una delle cose principali di cui parlo è la relazione di Mayer.. non molti la citano quando si parla di termodinamica, eppure è piuttosto importante. La formula è la seguente: ![image.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/stefano.massari/EoH5GGLR5VVvhQ3cNRZraWyXPTRvoQWppqsCbP241ZVhX4MNqHLfr5xryG8ZSKWsZW7.png) La relazione di Mayer sostanzialmente stabilisce che per una trasformazione a volume costante il calore specifico molare Cv è in generale minore di quello a pressione costante Cp.
author | stefano.massari |
---|---|
permlink | re-libertycrypto27-sb9sm7 |
category | hive-146620 |
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author | stefano.massari |
---|---|
permlink | re-stefanomassari-sb9sot |
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Ho letto la conclusione e la domanda, ma voglio solo augurarvi una buona notte, domani è Giovedì Santo e poi Venerdì Santo, chiediamo a DIO di aiutarci e proteggerci sempre, facciamolo con molta fede e si accadrà Un abbraccio amico mio
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Grazie per l'augurio. Per ora posso dire che il Sognore mi ha dato una mano a vivere. Grazie per aver letto anche questo articolo. In sostanza le cose più basilari di questi concetti sono: -Per i calcoli riguardanti l'espansione e la compressione di un gas è di particolare importanza il rapporto tra i calori specifici a pressione e a volume costante -La seguente formula rappresenta una trasformazione isoentropica ![image.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/stefano.massari/Eo8ZYbKKGVoF2fe55zN1oB8HGNwUAEppsx5YQaFN3H8DCm8Wkdx8oRPwDjePvrv4Lca.png) -Il rapporto tra i calori specifici a pressione e a volume costante è sempre maggiore di 1, tanto è vero che vale la seguente relazione. ![image.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/stefano.massari/23uRKjNAJM8n2fpTHjaUQXoXunXQPAyfbtbdXr6WBwV4TvGT7DrdXYyRE9JgRBRJYkSVL.png) La formula del rapporto ![image.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/stefano.massari/23u6Z4awLY2prn67jETApyJm1eyp1RdPyGGNwTzS2TYpm9GHmZXiYT5FLy54Ro85Dx5Y7.png)
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@tipu curate
author | mad-runner |
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Grazie Mad per il tag Tipu
author | stefano.massari |
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Grazie MAD per aver lasciato un commento.. in questo post spiego come le trasformazioni termodinamiche possano essere rappresentate su due piani. Quello meno conosciuto è il pianto T-S, temperatura - entropia. Ho appunto fatto un cenno anche a questa tipologia di rappresentazione dove una trasformazione isoterma è una retta parallela alle ascisse, una trasformazione adiabatica è una retta perpendicolare alle ascisse e dove un isocora ha una tangente più elevata della isobara. Qui di seguito ho riprodotto un grafico riassuntivo ![image.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/stefano.massari/23tSyz4YxFN9dKBCLrRgM7KoPpm5JtqYZWN2D3L7wmNv9QJ6v6PxTiWXdgAAcy6wPKVrm.png)
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<a href="https://tipu.online/hive_curator?mad-runner" target="_blank">Upvoted 👌</a> (Mana: 37/57) <a href="https://peakd.com/hive/@reward.app/reward-app-quick-guide-updated" target="_blank">Liquid rewards</a>.
author | tipu |
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Quite well explanatory and easy to understand. Physics is really wide
author | precab |
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Physics is a science that has so many topics. In this article I think the part dedicated to the Clapeyron piano is interesting. This is a Cartesian plane in which there are pressure and volume values. On this plane the 4 main thermodynamic transformations are represented which are: isochoric, adiabatic, isothermal and isobaric 1-The isochoric transformation is represented by a straight line parallel to the ordinates 2-The adiabatic transformation is represented by a rather inclined hyperbola 3-The isothermal transformation is represented by a less inclined hyperbola than that of the adiabatic transformation 4-The isobaric transformation is represented by a straight line parallel to the abscissas
author | stefano.massari |
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Physics can be very wide and tough Nice course and thanks for the explanation
author | rafzat |
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Physics has evolved more and more over the last 200 years. Today is a huge universe! In this article I talk about the Mayer relation which has a certain importance in the thermodynamic field, but not everyone has heard of it. Mayer says that between the two molar specific heats the majority relation always exists which says that the molar specific heat at constant pressure is always greater than that at constant volume Cp>Cv
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