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D-Wave achieved "Quantum Supremacy" on a material science problem. Hype or real? D-Wave's quantum approach has indeed a lot of potential solving real-world problems (if quantum computers can scale up) by vikisecrets

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· @vikisecrets · (edited)
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D-Wave achieved "Quantum Supremacy" on a material science problem. Hype or real? D-Wave's quantum approach has indeed a lot of potential solving real-world problems (if quantum computers can scale up)
Unter "Quantum Supremacy" (Quantum Überlegenheit), das auch etwas abgeschwächt "Quantum Advantage" genannt wird, bezeichnet man den Zustand, ab dem es leistungsstarke Quanten-Computer gibt, die ein komplexes (nützliches) Problem in einer vernünftigen Zeit lösen können, das kein klassischer Computer lösen kann bzw. astronomisch lange dafür benötigen würde.

In den vergangenen Jahren hat es tatsächlich große Fortschritte bei Quanten-Computern gegeben, mittlerweile gibt es tatsächlich einige konkrete Anwendungsfälle und Algorithmen, vor allem mit dem Quantum-Annealing-Ansatz von D-Wave, mit denen man vor allem Optimierungsprobleme lösen kann, aber auf der anderen Seite gibt es auch viel Hype.

Oft es ist gar nicht so einfach Hype und Fakten voneinander zu trennen, zum einen liegt das an der Komplexität der Materie, zum anderen da in Pressestatements oft sehr wenig technische Details über die tatsächlich gelösten Probleme und deren Größe bekanntgegeben werden.

Bereits 2019 hat Google in einem Nature-Artikel behauptet, Quantum-Supremacy auf einem künstlichen Benchmark erreicht zu haben. Diese Meldung wurde von IBM angezweifelt und in wenigen Tagen mit einer Optimierung des klassischen Algorithmus auf einem Supercomputer von IBM widerlegt.

Vor Kurzem hat D-Wave mitgeteilt, als erstes Unternehmen Quantum Supremacy bei einer quanten-mechanischen Simulation im Bereich Material-Science (Magnetische Felder von Spin Glass) erreicht zu haben.

D-Wave verwendet dazu eine eigene Kategorie von Quanten-Computern, die Quantum-Annealers genannt werden, und auf dem Lösen von Optimierungsaufgaben spezialisiert sind, während die Quanten-Computer von IBM und Google universellere Quanten-Computer sind, die eine Vielzahl von verschiedenen Gates implementieren können.

Ein quanten-mechanische Simulation von "Spin Glass" würde auf dem Quanten-Computer nur Minuten, die auf einem klassischen Supercomputer eine Million Jahre, benötigen.

Klingt tatsächlich beeindruckend, aber ganz überzeugend ist es noch nicht, da man ohne PhD in Quanten-Mechanik und Material-Science kaum versteht, was hier tatsächlich berechnet wurde und der bahnbrechende Science-Artikel ist leider hinter einer Paywall. Daher ist dieser Erfolg auch ein wenig untergegangen.

Quantum-Annealer können aber auch bei klassischen Optimierungsproblemen wie dem Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP), bei Scheduling-Aufgaben und auch bei DNA-Sequencing behilflich sein, was gestern auch in der reddit-Diskussion zu meinem Quantum-Rant genannt wurde.

Ein Paper von 2021 kommt zu dem Schluss, dass die besten 5000 qubit Quantum-Annealer von D-Wave Travelling-Salesman-Probleme mit nur 8 Städten lösen können und die Performance sogar schlechter sei als mit klassischen Optimierungsalgorithmen.

Ein Benchmark zwischen zwei Generationen von D-Wave-Quanten-Computern gibt an, ein Scheduling-Problem (Exact Cover Problem) mit konkret 40 Flug-Routen und 472 Flügen lösen zu können. 

Das ist in etwa die Größenordnung der heutigen Quanten-Computer, mit denen man rechnen kann.

Die Frage ist, ob sich Quanten-Computer in den nächsten Jahren tatsächlich auf Millionen qubits skalieren lassen, oder ob es ein physikalisches Limit gibt und wo dieses genau liegt.

Was sagt ihr dazu? Denkt ihr, dass D-Wave tatsächlich Quantum Supremacy erreicht hat? Ist es tatsächlich möglich mit den heutigen Quanten-Computern nützliche Simulationen im Bereich Material Science durchzuführen oder ist das mehr PR-Hype? Lassen sich Quanten-Computer weiter skalieren oder gibt es ein natürliches Limit?

## Beyond Classical: D-Wave First to Demonstrate Quantum Supremacy on Useful, Real-World Problem

![image.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/vikisecrets/Eo1vRkCvnjGfvLHx7qzYYencSjhqmaE1hXTMLZpfFrNBtt9Po4E6CpfoGFjVMZGw2Df.png)

https://www.dwavequantum.com/company/newsroom/press-release/beyond-classical-d-wave-first-to-demonstrate-quantum-supremacy-on-useful-real-world-problem/

## Beyond-classical computation in quantum simulation

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ado6285

## Digital quantum magnetism at the frontier of classical simulations

https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.20870

## IBM casts doubt on Google's claims of quantum supremacy

https://www.science.org/content/article/ibm-casts-doubt-googles-claims-quantum-supremacy

## Solving the Traveling Salesman Problem on the D-Wave Quantum Computer

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physics/articles/10.3389/fphy.2021.760783/full

## Benchmarking Advantage and D-Wave 2000Q quantum annealers with exact cover problems

https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.02208

## English

Quantum Supremacy, also known as Quantum Advantage, is the state of having powerful quantum computers that can solve a complex (useful, real-world) problem in a reasonable amount of time that no classical computer can solve or would take astronomically long to solve.

In recent years, there has indeed been great progress in quantum computers, there are now actually some concrete use cases and algorithms, especially with the quantum annealing approach of D-Wave, which can be used to solve optimization problems in particular, but on the other hand there is also a lot of hype.

It is often difficult to separate hype from facts, partly due to the complexity of the subject matter and partly because press releases often provide very few technical details about the problems that have actually been solved and their size.

Back in 2019, Google claimed in a Nature article to have achieved quantum supremacy on an artificial benchmark. This claim was disputed by IBM and refuted in a few days with an optimization of the classic algorithm on an IBM supercomputer.

Recently, D-Wave announced that it was the first company to achieve quantum supremacy in a quantum mechanical simulation in the field of material science (magnetic fields of spin glass).

D-Wave uses its own category of quantum computers, called quantum annealers, which are specialized in solving optimization tasks, while the quantum computers from IBM and Google are more general-purpose quantum computers that can implement a variety of different gates.

A quantum mechanical simulation of "spin glass" would only take minutes on the quantum computer, which would take a million years on a classical supercomputer.

Sounds impressive, but not so convincing yet, without a PhD in quantum mechanics and material science it's hard to understand what was actually calculated and achieved here and the groundbreaking science article is unfortunately behind a paywall. That's why this success has gone a little under the radar.

Quantum annealers can also help with classic optimization problems such as the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP), with scheduling tasks and also with DNA sequencing, which was also mentioned yesterday in the reddit discussion on my quantum rant.

A paper from 2021 concludes that the best 5000 qubit quantum annealers from D-Wave can solve traveling salesman problems with only 8 cities and the performance is even worse than with classical optimization algorithms.

A benchmark between two generations of D-Wave quantum computers claims to be able to solve a scheduling problem (exact cover problem) with specifically 40 flight routes and 472 flights. 

This is roughly the order of magnitude of today's quantum computers with which one can calculate.

The question is whether quantum computers can actually be scaled to millions of qubits in the next few years, or whether there is a physical limit and where it lies exactly.

What do you think? Do you think that D-Wave has actually achieved quantum supremacy? Is it actually possible to carry out useful simulations in the field of material science with today's quantum computers or is this more PR hype? Can quantum computers be scaled further or is there a natural limit?
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@davideownzall · (edited)
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It could be just some sort of advertising to make hype and get attention, these things should be certified by independent organizations

!PIZZA 
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@vikisecrets · (edited)
What is a bit suspicious is that the article is behind a paywall, if they really had a big breakthrough, they would publish the technical results more openly in my opinion.

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ado6285
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@davideownzall ·
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That is a very good point! 
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@foxkat ·
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I think it's too early to say, all of this quantum computing thing is still too poorly understand by us and it could really go either way as I see it.
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@vikisecrets ·
good point, it's possible that we will have more powerful quantum computers in the future that could really do some useful stuff, or they could also completely fail due to noise and not scaling up.
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@hatdogsensei ·
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I think quantum supremancy can be achieved if it is fully utilized in all aspects
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#### Hello vikisecrets!
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@jfang003 ·
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@jfang003 "I don't think it has changed too much. From what I..."
I don't think it has changed too much. From what I know, quantum use cases are still quite small right now. It sounds like there needs to be a lot of work done before it seems more useful. So I think its just hype.
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@lee1938 ·
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https://x.com/lee19389/status/1920986341627580425
#hive #posh
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@pizzabot ·
<center>PIZZA!


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https://www.reddit.com/r/QuantumComputing/comments/1kil5ot/dwave_achieved_quantum_supremacy_on_a_material/
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