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1. | parent_author | "" |
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parent_permlink | hive-127788 |
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author | abneagro |
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permlink | esp-eng-avispas-parasitoides-de-la-familia-braconidae-y-la-subfamilia-alysiinae-parasitoid-wasps-of-the-family-braconidae-and |
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title | "(ESP/ENG) Avispas parasitoides de la familia Braconidae y la subfamilia Alysiinae // Parasitoid wasps of the family Braconidae and subfamily Alysiinae" |
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body | "<div class="text-justify">
El propósito de la siguiente publicación es el de mostrar aspectos y datos de importancia sobre la familia **Braconidae** y una de sus subfamilias como lo es la **Alysiinae**. Estos grupos pertenecen al orden **Hymenoptera** y desempeñan una labor bastante interesante al ser avispas parásitas de un determinado grupo de artrópodos.
<p>
>The purpose of the following publication is to show aspects and important data about the family **Braconidae** and one of its subfamilies such as **Alysiinae**. These groups belong to the order **Hymenoptera** and play an interesting role as parasitic wasps of a certain group of arthropods.
<p>
<center>
![Automeris cf. jucunda.png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmeNxMthU1S57ygdJ5QaSX9Ao84GNF7hug1zU7HWR4VoGW/Automeris%20cf.%20jucunda.png)</center>
<p>
La extensa vegetación presente en los espacios naturales se vuelve de manera constante un refugio para miles de invertebrados, en dichos lugares se pueden encontrar una determinada variedad de insectos, siendo algunos de ellos alados mientras que otros serán ápteros (no tienen alas). A su vez, cuando realizamos alguna labor agrícola es muy común que estos artrópodos huyan saltando de las plantas o sencillamente vuelen, momento en el que cualquier investigador anclado a la entomología detalla sus alrededores para ver que tipo de insectos o artrópodos encuentran; la finalidad de esto puede ser muy variada, pero generalmente cuando se trabaja en ecosistemas modificados por el hombre (agroecosistemas) se hace con la finalidad de tener una idea de los tipos de insectos que pueden ser benéficos o perjudiciales para los cultivos, permitiendo esto que se desarrollen planes de acción para evitar y minimizar posibles pérdidas.
<p>
De igual manera, los himenópteros forman parte de los principales grupos de la clase **Insecta** que se pueden encontrar en estos espacios, incluso el simple hecho de no encontrar a muchos de estos puede ser un indicativo de que las cosas no marchan nada bien a nivel ambiental. Debemos recordar que este orden de insectos es clave para la polinización de las especies vegetales, por lo que la ausencia de estos puede reducir drásticamente el rendimiento de una gran porción de un determinado cultivo. Otros de estos insectos son excelentes depredadores, de manera que, serán eventuales aliados de los agricultores en lo que respecta a mantener a raya a ciertas poblaciones de insectos o cualquier otro artrópodo que sea perjudicial.
<p>
>The extensive vegetation present in natural spaces constantly becomes a refuge for thousands of invertebrates, in such places you can find a certain variety of insects, some of them will be winged while others will be wingless (wingless). In turn, when we perform some agricultural work is very common that these arthropods flee jumping from plants or simply fly, moment in which any researcher associated with entomology details their environment to see what kind of insects or arthropods are found; the purpose of this can be very varied, but generally when working in ecosystems modified by man (agroecosystems) is done in order to have an idea of the types of insects that can be beneficial or harmful to crops, allowing this to develop action plans to avoid and minimize possible losses.
<p>
>Hymenoptera are part of the main groups of the class **Insecta** that can be found in these spaces, even the simple fact of not finding many of these can be an indication that things are not going well at an environmental level. It should be remembered that this order of insects is key to the pollination of plant species, so the absence of these insects can drastically reduce the yield of a large part of a given crop. Other of these insects are excellent predators, so they will be eventual allies of farmers to keep at bay certain populations of insects or any other harmful arthropod.
<p>
<center>
![Automeris cf. jucunda (7).png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmVPwT2bq5KKyJejnoMEaVmw6jBiJNSPg64DtFZ1uZqQ9p/Automeris%20cf.%20jucunda%20(7).png)</center>
<p>
Por otro lado, entre los himenópteros que comúnmente denominamos "avispas" se encuentran algunas familias que tienen estilos de vida realmente interesantes, estando estas relacionadas al parasitismo. Las que manejan estas conductas de supervivencia suelen ser las más extrañas, inclusive sus características morfológicas pueden derivar en que se confundan con otros insectos, sobre todo por el hecho de que un gran número de ellas tienen tamaños muy pequeños que hacen que sean confundidas con mosquitos (dípteros), esto puede reflejarse en los miembros de la familia **Trichogrammatidae** de las que espero desarrollar una publicación más adelante. Sin embargo, hace algunos días mis plantas fueron visitadas por un tipo de diminuto himenóptero que en un principio confundí con mosquitos porque se ubicaban muy cerca de un área que está destinada al almacenamiento de materia orgánica de origen vegetal, luego al observarlos más de cerca puede ver que estaba equivocado y que estos visitantes eran "avispas" que, por su morfología, pude suponer que eran de la familia **Braconidae**.
<p>
>On the other hand, among the Hymenoptera that we commonly call "wasps" there are some families that have really interesting lifestyles, being these related to parasitism. Those that manage these survival behaviors are usually the strangest, even their morphological characteristics can lead to be confused with other insects, especially by the fact that a large number of them have very small sizes that make them be confused with mosquitoes (diptera), this can be reflected in the members of the family **Trichogrammatidae** of which I hope to develop a publication later. However, a few days ago my plants were visited by a type of tiny hymenopteran that at first I mistook for mosquitoes because they were located very close to an area that is intended for storage of organic matter of plant origin, then upon closer observation I can see that I was wrong and that these visitors were "wasps" that, by their morphology, I could assume were of the family **Braconidae**.
<p>
<center>
![Automeris cf. jucunda (1).png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmP2ccwWkRimHoW1bKJ9MSD34rp1eTzYtXfeveqZhZv8JK/Automeris%20cf.%20jucunda%20(1).png)</center>
<p>
**Braconidae** es uno de los taxones del orden **Hymenoptera** más interesantes que podemos encontrar, además, es de los más numerosos de dicho orden con números que superan los 20.000 ejemplares con una excelente distribución mundial. Asimismo, el principal aspecto que hace destacar a esta familia es que son controladores naturales de diferentes artrópodos, no son depredadores directos, sino que emplean a sus larvas para que estas se alimenten de un determinado huésped, lo que las convierte en parasitoides. Este último punto mencionado es lo que los diferencia de un depredador común, ya que este necesita alimentarse de una infinidad de presas para sobrevivir, mientras que un parasitoide solo necesita de un único huésped para poder superar y alcanzar su máximo desarrollo, ya como adulto sus dietas pueden variar, siendo una de las principales la extracción de néctar de las flores.
<p>
En el mundo existen diferentes tipos de parasitismo, incluso este puede variar entre los insectos que se adaptaron para manejar este estilo de vida. En el caso de **Braconidae**, la gran mayoría de sus especies son del tipo endoparásitas, esto quiere decir que viven dentro de sus huéspedes, aunque también hay algunas especies que actúan de manera contraria ubicándose sobre el huésped, estos son los denominados ectoparásitos; lo cierto del caso, es que la efectividad de estos insectos es muy abrumadora una vez que se mantienen en una zona, por tal motivo se suelen incluir en planes de manejo integrado de plagas, sobre todo cuando se ubican en el agroecosistema insectos plagas que son los huéspedes predilectos de este tipo de avispas.
<p>
>**Braconidae** is one of the most interesting taxa of the order **Hymenoptera** that we can find, it is also one of the most numerous of this order with numbers exceeding 20,000 specimens with an excellent worldwide distribution. Also, the main aspect that makes this family stand out is that they are natural controllers of different arthropods, they are not direct predators, but use their larvae to feed on a particular host, which makes them parasitoids. This last mentioned point is what differentiates them from a common predator, since the latter needs to feed on an infinity of prey to survive, while a parasitoid only needs a single host to overcome and reach its maximum development, and as an adult their diets can vary, one of the main ones being the extraction of nectar from flowers.
<p>
>In the world there are different types of parasitism, even this can vary among insects that adapted to manage this lifestyle. In the case of **Braconidae**, the vast majority of their species are endoparasites, meaning that they live inside their hosts, although there are also some species that act in the opposite way by placing themselves on the host, these are called ectoparasites; The truth of the case is that the effectiveness of these insects is very overwhelming once they are kept in an area, for this reason they are usually included in integrated pest management plans, especially when pest insects are located in the agroecosystem, which are the favorite hosts of this type of wasps.
<p>
<center>
![Automeris cf. jucunda (5).png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmYXx5pz9HFqHTFsmvDu41jxCXkhsikwLJ4SnLXJXacvMH/Automeris%20cf.%20jucunda%20(5).png)</center>
<p>
En ciertas ocasiones al colectar o cuando se observa algún ejemplar en un área, puede resultar determinante reunir información referente a la planta en donde se encontró y sobre lo que había en los alrededores, esto nos permite ir atando cabos sueltos en el caso de que la especie sea desconocida para nosotros. Partiendo de lo antes mencionado, estos ejemplares que se han observado en las fotografías son algo desconocidos para mi; sin embargo, al apreciar ciertas estructuras que forman parte de sus cuerpos pude tener una idea sobre la familia, en este caso la **Braconidae**. Ahora, al ser ejemplares muy pequeños la identificación es un poco más compleja, por ende, tuve que recolectar más información de la zona en donde estaban con el propósito de encontrar los posibles huéspedes de estas avispas, fue aquí cuando debido a la gran cantidad de desechos orgánicos se evidenció una elevada población de dípteros, específicamente moscas de diferentes especies. A partir de este punto, las comparativas y la información compilada me acercaron a la subfamilia **Alysiinae**, un taxón que tiene la particularidad de ser parasitoides de insectos del infraorden **Muscomorpha**, en pocas palabras, estas avispas emplean a las moscas como plataforma biológica para alcanzar la adultez.
<p>
>On certain occasions when collecting or when a specimen is observed in an area, it can be decisive to gather information about the plant where it was found and about what was in the surroundings, this allows us to tie up loose ends in the case that the species is unknown to us. In this case, these specimens that have been observed in the photographs are somewhat unknown to me; however, by appreciating certain structures that are part of their bodies I could get an idea about the family, in this case the **Braconidae**. Now, being very small specimens the identification is a little more complex, therefore, I had to collect more information from the area where they were with the purpose of finding the possible hosts of these wasps, it was here when due to the large amount of organic waste a high population of diptera was evidenced, specifically flies of different species. From this point, the comparisons and the compiled information brought me closer to the subfamily **Alysiinae**, a taxon that has the particularity of being parasitoids of insects of the infraorder **Muscomorpha**, in short, these wasps use flies as a biological platform to reach adulthood.
<p>
<center>
![Automeris cf. jucunda (2).png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmfPmYKVpn6GijD8fQbreUSB49MRhzkvQEaeisM5VT6haV/Automeris%20cf.%20jucunda%20(2).png)</center>
<p>
**Alysiinae** es una subfamilia de **Braconidae**, estas tienen poco más de 1.000 especies reagrupadas en unos 40 géneros. Esto me hizo imposible dar con la especie, ya que la distribución de estas es mundial y desconozco con exactitud cuales son las claves de identificación empleadas en estos ejemplares para diferenciarlos entre sí. No obstante, al saber la subfamilia se puede saber información genérica sobre estas avispas que no superan los 4 milímetros de longitud, siendo ejemplares que necesitan de las moscas para poder desarrollarse. En este sentido, es muy habitual leer comentarios o escuchar a personas comentar que las moscas no sirven para absolutamente nada, algo que es tan solo un reflejo de la falta de información que se comparte a nivel de instituciones educativas de primaria o secundaria, ya que cada ser vivo tiene su razón de existir y cada uno da su aporte al correcto funcionamiento de los ecosistemas.
<p>
Las moscas ayudan a la degradación o descomposición de desechos orgánicos, además de ser la fuente de alimento de muchos seres vivos vertebrados e invertebrados, el ejemplo más claro se ve en el himenóptero que se presenta en este artículo, el cual ve necesario colocar sus huevos junto a los de las moscas para que sus larvas se alimenten de estos insectos y puedan desarrollarse, esto convierte a estas avispas en controladores biológicos de moscas.
<p>
>**Alysiinae** is a subfamily of **Braconidae**, these have a little more than 1,000 species grouped in about 40 genera. This made it impossible for me to find the species, since the distribution of these is worldwide and I do not know exactly what are the identification keys used in these specimens to differentiate them from each other. However, by knowing the subfamily you can know generic information about these wasps that do not exceed 4 millimeters in length, being specimens that need flies to develop. In this sense, it is very common to read comments or hear people commenting that flies are good for absolutely nothing, something that is just a reflection of the lack of information that is shared at the level of primary or secondary educational institutions, since each living being has its reason to exist and each one gives its contribution to the proper functioning of ecosystems.
<p>
>Flies help in the degradation or decomposition of organic waste, besides being the food source of many vertebrate and invertebrate living beings, the clearest example is seen in the hymenopteran presented in this article, which sees necessary to place their eggs next to those of flies so that their larvae feed on these insects and can develop, this makes these wasps in biological fly controllers.
<p>
<center>
![Automeris cf. jucunda (6).png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmcPSFFPZWpz9HvvHSA1PhATomnNnpo3onDDpdS79ud8K2/Automeris%20cf.%20jucunda%20(6).png)</center>
<p>
En estas avispas se nota una similitud externa con las hormigas, relación que comparten por el hecho de ser himenópteros apocritos; sin embargo, estos ejemplares tienen la presencia de alas, sus cabezas son más amplias, las antenas se componen por varios artejos que las hacen ver más largas y el abdomen también se nota más alargado. La coloración varia de negra a marrón oscuro en el tórax y en una porción del abdomen, mientras que la otra sección es de un tono mucho más claro, este último color lo presentan en la región ventral y en sus patas. La cabeza es rojiza, mientras que sus alas anteriores tienen muy marcado el estigma, el cual puede notarse como la parte más oscura que se aprecia por la orilla superior de cada ala.
<p>
Por otro lado, estas avispas pueden ser solitarias, pero hay especies que son gregarias, con esto se hace referencia a que pueden agruparse una determinada cantidad de individuos en alguna zona cercana a los huéspedes. Los huevos son colocados por las hembras sobre los huevos o sobre las larvas de moscas, los estadios juveniles de estas avispas se mantendrán así hasta que la larva de la mosca realice la pupa, aquí la larva de avispa la devorará matando en este punto al huésped y al cabo de unos días emergerá de la pupa siendo un ejemplar adulto listo para aparearse e iniciar otro ciclo.
<p>
>In these wasps there is an external similarity with ants, a relationship they share because they are apocrine hymenoptera; however, these specimens have the presence of wings, their heads are wider, the antennae are composed of several artifacts that make them look longer and the abdomen is also more elongated. The coloration varies from black to dark brown on the thorax and a portion of the abdomen, while the other section is a much lighter shade, the latter color is present in the ventral region and on their legs. The head is reddish, while their forewings have very marked stigma, which can be noticed as the darker part that can be seen along the upper edge of each wing.
<p>
>On the other hand, these wasps can be solitary, but there are species that are gregarious, with this refers to that they can group a certain number of individuals in some area near the hosts. The eggs are laid by the females on the eggs or on the fly larvae, the juvenile stages of these wasps will remain so until the fly larva pupates, here the wasp larva will devour it killing at this point the host and after a few days will emerge from the pupa being an adult specimen ready to mate and start another cycle.
<p>
<center>
![Automeris cf. jucunda (4).png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmc3TKwtRvPCBfJnViEyRE8NNZa42ww3s9ku1mAAkx6Ljo/Automeris%20cf.%20jucunda%20(4).png)</center>
<p>
En esta foto se aprecia una diferencia de tamaño en estos 2 ejemplares; probablemente, el más grande corresponda a una hembra, mientras que el ejemplar pequeño puede ser un macho, estos datos no están confirmados porque para tener certeza es necesario observarlos al microscopio. Sin embargo, hago mención de este punto partiendo de que en la mayoría de los casos las hembras de los insectos y de otros artrópodos son las que tienen mayor tamaño, siendo esta una diferencia común entre ambos sexos. De igual manera, estas avispas se encontraban posadas sobre las plantas más pequeñas, mismas que eran las que estaban más cerca de la materia orgánica y otros desechos, de esta forma, se da a entender que se mantenían lo más cerca posible de las moscas que constantemente llegaban en búsqueda de alimento y para colocar huevos. Asimismo, también se pudo notar que estas avispas cada cierto tiempo bajaban hacia los desechos e inspeccionaban las aberturas que quedaban en la materia orgánica, quizás estaban en la búsqueda de huevos y larvas de estas moscas, posteriormente volvían hacia las hojas de las plantas, pero nunca sin alejarse de la zona.
<p>
>In this photo there is a difference in size in these 2 specimens; probably, the larger one corresponds to a female, while the smaller specimen may be a male, these data are not confirmed because to be certain it is necessary to observe them under the microscope. However, I make mention of this point on the basis that in most cases the females of insects and other arthropods are the ones with the largest size, this being a common difference between both sexes. Similarly, these wasps were perched on the smallest plants, which were the ones closest to the organic matter and other debris, thus suggesting that they stayed as close as possible to the flies that were constantly arriving in search of food and to lay eggs. Likewise, it could also be noted that these wasps from time to time went down to the waste and inspected the openings that remained in the organic matter, perhaps they were in search of eggs and larvae of these flies, then returned to the leaves of the plants, but never without leaving the area.
<p>
<center>
![Automeris cf. jucunda (3).png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmapYbve1HuEtyq4vin9RNEGk9jhpQ6fSZHztbB8tCzpXU/Automeris%20cf.%20jucunda%20(3).png)</center>
<p>
La mejor manera de saber si el ejemplar que tenemos es de la subfamilia **Alysiinae** es observando las mandíbulas. Las piezas mandibulares de estas avispas tiende a sobresalir por lo que se les considera del tipo exodonta, esta característica es propia de los miembros de la subfamilia **Alysiinae**, por lo que pueden diferenciarse de todas las especies parasiticas que integran a la familia **Braconidae** con tan solo observar sus piezas bucales. Se destaca que estos himenópteros no suponen un problema para nuestra especie y en ciertos lugares ya los emplean para el control de moscas; sin embargo, en ciertos países el estudio de estos insectos aún no es suficiente para poder darles una utilidad dentro de la agricultura, existiendo todavía vacíos que incluso pueden complicar en cierto sentido la identificación de las especies de **Alysiinae**, por lo que siempre se espera que aparezcan nuevos estudios certificados que permitan conocer de una manera más detallada la ecología y otros datos importantes sobre estas pequeñas avispas.
<p>
>The best way to tell if the specimen we have is of the subfamily **Alysiinae** is by observing the mandibles. The mandibular parts of these wasps tend to protrude so they are considered exodonta type, this feature is characteristic of members of the subfamily **Alysiinae**, so they can be differentiated from all parasitic species that make up the family **Braconidae** just by observing their mouthparts. It should be noted that these Hymenoptera are not a problem for our species and in some places they are already used for fly control; however, in some countries the study of these insects is still not enough to give them a utility in agriculture, there are still gaps that may even complicate in some sense the identification of the species of **Alysiinae**, so it is always expected that new certified studies appear that allow us to know in a more detailed way the ecology and other important data about these small wasps.
<p>
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![Automeris cf. jucunda.gif](https://images.hive.blog/DQmbQw9QAu6SLjqobZ2Qa7EEVeznnXcR1PHrt5BUTenq5Jv/Automeris%20cf.%20jucunda.gif)</center>
<p>
En definitiva, los himenópteros son uno de los grupos de insectos más importantes y fascinantes que podemos encontrar en cada uno de los ecosistemas que integran a nuestro planeta. Por muy terrible que parezcan los estilos de vida de los insectos parásitos, estos son de los más interesantes que podemos encontrar en la naturaleza, siempre pueden pasar desapercibidos empleando métodos con el que se acercan sutilmente a sus víctimas sin darles oportunidad de reacción. Cada vez que logro apreciar a cualquier insecto parásito colocando huevos sobre el que será el huésped de su descendencia, siempre me recuerda a cuando algún ladrón extrae la billetera del bolsillo de alguna persona, de esta misma manera se acercan los parasitoides y, cuando el afectado se da cuenta, ya es demasiado tarde para buscar salvarse.
<p>
>In short, Hymenoptera are one of the most important and fascinating groups of insects that we can find in each of the ecosystems that make up our planet. As terrible as the lifestyles of parasitic insects may seem, they are among the most interesting we can find in nature, always being able to go unnoticed by employing methods with which they subtly approach their victims without giving them a chance to react. Every time I see any parasitic insect laying eggs on what will be the host of its offspring, it always reminds me of when a thief extracts the wallet from someone's pocket, in this same way the parasitoids approach and, when the affected person realizes it, it is already too late to try to save himself.
<p>
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![Gif cierre.gif](https://images.hive.blog/DQmNtSvmJjW8Kx7gNwdF14KU35ZWYQDLTrpDggr5AYgH9mD/Gif%20cierre.gif)</center>
<p>
**Todas las imágenes empleadas en este post pertenecen al autor @abneagro. Las fotos fueron realizadas por medio de un dispositivo móvil Redmi 8A y fueron editadas con la aplicación Canva.**
<p>
>**All images used in this post belong to the author @abneagro. The photos were taken using a Redmi 8A mobile device and were edited with the Canva application. Translated at DeepL.**
<p>
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<p>
Some references:
<p>
[Briceño, R. A., Torres, D. N., & Romero, L. (2006). Biodiversidad y distribución de la subfamilia Alysiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) en tres ecosistemas naturales de Venezuela. Entomotrópica: Revista internacional para el estudio de la entomología tropical, 21(2), 73-82.](https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3697057)
<p>
[Parasitoides, entre la realidad y la ficción](https://www.mnhn.gob.cl/noticias/parasitoides-entre-la-realidad-y-la-ficcion#:~:text=Los%20parasitoides%20corresponden%20a%20insectos,de%20completar%20su%20ciclo%20vital.)
<p>
[Familia Braconidae](https://ecuador.inaturalist.org/taxa/63187-Braconidae)
<p>
[Subfamilia Alysiinae](https://panama.inaturalist.org/taxa/372226-Alysiinae)
<p>
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json | {"items":["7873bce822fb91b2eac373dcdf504ae348973c19-0"],"currency":"DEC","days":1,"all_or_none":true,"app":"splinterlands/0.7.139","n":"wKSLbNYhIH"} |
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json | {"items":["f737a9cc98af652e3491fa2ab3dc54142b7eb75f-0"],"app":"Splex.GG"} |
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json | {"items":["d4ea408e6aa256293eb30e60704cbfd34d6c83ce-0"],"currency":"DEC","days":3,"market":"alinubu","app":"SplinterlandsRObot","n":"PMaWtOzPn2"} |
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json | {"cards":[["C3-288-S6K3IOR8BK","0.480"],["G7-353-H6Q5JYMU2O","3.078"],["C7-361-0GNMYUGA7K","1.187"],["G7-369-PNJ11XH90G","5.768"],["G7-399-YO56FNIXMO","5.479"]],"type":"rent","fee":500,"app":"Splex.GG"} |
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json | {"items":[["6842a0a78a36705b3302bb50d987a82dc0fc0824-0","6.435"],["0192c64854958e0d7a55b481acd7e9ccaa5bc6ef-0","18.111"],["9ff18138a4fc0392f177cf3ff8efab24966731aa-0","0.569"],["5bb1ef892c3c8bace51dd52cd11f9438c1ac0b45-1","31.319"],["99c6344e79ec95e29a333b64d565943c61e5b5cb-2","135.547"],["6d71c461b31245c0f3994f7ce23dc6be90948a7d-0","14.950"],["4206a1e642e8b76c2341027dfb18c586b8b665fa-2","4.459"],["4c0d5618b6922b9e0881e6d8d8a05e5e9e434529-0","32.530"],["a0b977305c51829db21bb7d8c4ac034dadd3b61d-0","18.141"],["d19f4dfb9cb147515d4f9d0e58f455aa1deeca42-0","53.136"],["9ff18138a4fc0392f177cf3ff8efab24966731aa-1","0.562"]],"app":"Splex.GG"} |
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transaction_id | 329a4fc664489dcba607c30555b359157c9fa84e |
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block_num | 65,726,766 |
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transaction_num | 23 |
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24. | ref_block_num | 59,693 |
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ref_block_prefix | 1,104,479,126 |
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expiration | 2022-06-30 20:08:24 |
---|
operations | 0. | 0. | vote |
---|
1. | voter | cryptolaird |
---|
author | studioseden |
---|
permlink | no-hay-mucho-que-decir-hay-mucho-que-sentir |
---|
weight | 10,000 |
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extensions | [] |
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transaction_id | 4671fcd44e19ff65f23fe77be60a5e296ba0facf |
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block_num | 65,726,766 |
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25. | ref_block_num | 59,677 |
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ref_block_prefix | 9,067,277 |
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expiration | 2022-06-30 20:07:51 |
---|
operations | 0. | 0. | transfer |
---|
1. | from | tipu |
---|
to | preparedwombat |
---|
amount | 1.551 HIVE |
---|
memo | "@tipU investor payout - check out https://tipu.online/hive for detailed info - thank you!" |
---|
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author | loren0110 |
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permlink | love-and-family-una-familia-que-cada-ano-cambio-sin-desearlo-esp-eng |
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title | "Love & family // Una familia que cada año cambio sin desearlo/ (Esp-Eng)" |
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body | "<div class="text-justify">
Hola a todos mis queridos amigos de hive y de la comunidad love and family, para mi es un verdadero placer poder compartir con ustedes este día de hoy mis sentimientos en relación a una familia que en compañia de otra persona construi hace aproximadamente un año, sigue leyendo que deseo contarte mas...
</div>
#
><div class="text-justify">
Hello to all my dear friends from hive and from the love and family community, for me it is a real pleasure to be able to share with you this day my feelings in relation to a family that I built in the company of another person about a year ago, continue reading that I want to tell you more...
</div>
#
<div class="text-justify">
Soy docente de educación inicial hace 9 años y desde entonces siempre surge en mi una situación repetitiva y que parece que será así por mucho tiempo más, atender niños y niñas en edad preescolar es un verdadero reto para muchas docentes por que si bien es cierto para algunas es algo que se da de forma natural para otras docentes es un tanto complicado y alli entro yo
</div>
#
><div class="text-justify">
I have been an initial education teacher for 9 years and since then a repetitive situation always arises in me and it seems that it will be like this for a long time to come, caring for preschool children is a real challenge for many teachers because although it is true for some is something that occurs naturally for other teachers it is somewhat complicated and that is where I come in
</div>
<center>
![Screenshot_2022-06-23-15-14-12-407~2.jpg](https://images.hive.blog/DQmNX3eC5p3QpnxjGbCxJPuhrpMNbPy79oH1vnZFGGmUyRJ/Screenshot_2022-06-23-15-14-12-407~2.jpg)
</center>
#
<div class="text-justify">
Y cuando hablo de complicado me refiero especificamente a que cuando llega el momento de despedirnos de los niños entra en mi mucha nostalgia, parece mentira pero durante un año escolar completo los niños y niñas crean en las docentes una especie de relación parental que va mucho mas alla que el ser estudiante-maestra, ellos forman parte de nuestra familia y es que estar con ellos a diario hace que muchas situaciones que ellos viven sean de nuestro interes , las alegrias y las tristezas que ellos viven en su hogar materno, las reflejan en el aula de clases (al que yo llamaría su segundo hogar)
</div>
#
><div class="text-justify">
And when I talk about complicated, I mean specifically that when the time comes to say goodbye to the children, I feel very nostalgic. Beyond being a student-teacher, they are part of our family and being with them on a daily basis makes many situations that they experience of interest to us, the joys and sorrows that they experience in their maternal home are reflected in the classroom (what I would call your second home)
</div>
<center>
![IMG_20220607_095443.jpg](https://images.hive.blog/DQmSfCw8cAgFeyCGjTMjEmq6MTJJE51f9ZyRgr25HPaZRav/IMG_20220607_095443.jpg)
</center>
#
<div class="text-justify">
Mi situación más dificil cuando finaliza un año escolar es el proceso de desprendimiento de los niños que estan bajo nuestro cargo, somos dos maestras que atendemos un grupo de 25 niños y niñas y llega un momento que los conocemos tan bien que si llegan tristes o molestos al aula ya sabemos cual es el origen de esa emocion y simplemente tenemos la posibillidad de cambiar esa tristeza o molestia por alegría, eso es verdaderamente gratificante
</div>
#
><div class="text-justify">
My most difficult situation when a school year ends is the process of detachment of the children in our care, we are two teachers who take care of a group of 25 boys and girls and there comes a time when we know them so well that if they arrive sad or upset In the classroom we already know what the origin of that emotion is and we simply have the possibility of changing that sadness or annoyance for joy, that is truly gratifying
</div>
<center>
![IMG_20220629_081104_215.jpg](https://images.hive.blog/DQmSMsg4WybEC1riitfxz6ebpKJGwkaQgH2Z2QkLT5miKWz/IMG_20220629_081104_215.jpg)
</center>
#
<div class="text-justify">
Y esto tambien ocurre en vicerversa , acercandonos a la realidad de cada uno podemos tener días de alegria y dias que llenen nuestro corazon de tristeza, pero al llegar al salon de clases esas tristezas desaparecen con las ocurrencias de estos pequeñines, tienen esa facilidad de hacer que pasemos rapidamente de una tristeza a un ataque de risa , esto para mi es sorprendente
</div>
#
><div class="text-justify">
And this also happens vice versa, approaching the reality of each one we can have days of joy and days that fill our hearts with sadness, but when we get to the classroom those sadnesses disappear with the occurrences of these little ones, they have that ease of doing that we quickly go from sadness to a fit of laughter, this for me is surprising
</div>
#
<div class="text-justify">
Durante nuestras vidas podemos clasificar los diferentes tipos de familias, nuestra familia con lazos sanguineos, familia que elegimos como amistad y familia de trabajo, todos los dias pienso en lo afortunada que soy en mis 3 tipos de familia, y la que a veces cuesta mas interrelacionarse es la familia de trabajo, pero puedo decir que agradezco a dios por permitirme elegir esta profesión donde la familia de trabajo siempre son niños que se puede ver su inocencia, y espontaneidad a la hora de hablar, reir y de incluso molestarse asi sea por un trozo de plastilina
</div>
#
><div class="text-justify">
During our lives we can classify the different types of families, our family with blood ties, family that we choose as friendship and work family, every day I think about how lucky I am in my 3 types of family, and the one that sometimes costs more interrelation is the work family, but I can say that I thank God for allowing me to choose this profession where the work family is always children who can see their innocence, and spontaneity when talking, laughing and even getting upset whatever for a piece of plasticine
</div>
<center>
![IMG-20220613-WA0017.jpg](https://images.hive.blog/DQmRNqHRoMGJcb9wps52K6udMRqPvdGCbYVmWyStkjpCv8k/IMG-20220613-WA0017.jpg)
</center>
#
<div class="text-justify">
El dia martes se realizo el acto de promoción de los niños y niñas hacia su primer grado, una despedida linda y al mismo tiempo llena de sentimentalismo de mi parte, ellos nos recordaran como sus maestras de preescolar , pero yo en lo particular los recordare como un grupo de 25 niños que en este año formaron parte de mi familia, creo que el sentimiento es algo parecido a cuando los hijos se van del hogar para hacer sus vidas de forma mas independiente, le llaman a esto psicologicamente el nido vacio, lo beneficioso de esto es que luego de este nido vacio llegan muchas alegrías a mi corazón, en el inicio del nuevo año escolar se forma una nueva familia en la que compartiremos nuevamente un año lleno de emociones, llevo 9 años relacionandome con nuevas familias de niños durante un año y luego me despido, aunque algunos me ven por las calles y me saludan yo siempre recuerdo alguna anecdota de esta bella familia que año tras año la cambio sin desearlo...
</div>
#
><div class="text-justify">
On Tuesday, the act of promoting the boys and girls to their first grade was held, a nice farewell and at the same time full of sentimentality on my part, they will remember us as their preschool teachers, but I will remember them as a group of 25 children who this year were part of my family, I think the feeling is something similar to when children leave home to lead their lives more independently, psychologically they call this the empty nest, the benefit this is why after this empty nest many joys come to my heart, at the beginning of the new school year a new family is formed in which we will again share a year full of emotions, I have spent 9 years interacting with new families of children for a year and then I say goodbye, although some see me in the streets and greet me, I always remember some anecdote of this beautiful family that year after year I change it without wanting it...
</div>
<center>
![Screenshot_2022-06-29-17-36-11-722~2.jpg](https://images.hive.blog/DQmcZT7r57xeVNQaqxoq27m8VxjeTg7fE9ZkCyKPshUSJY8/Screenshot_2022-06-29-17-36-11-722~2.jpg)
</center>
#
<div class="text-justify">
Agradezco a todos mis queridos lectores por tomarse el tiempo de acceder a mis sentimientos, es un verdadero placer poder compartir con ustedes mi amor hacia la familia , nos vemos en la proxima...
</div>
#
><div class="text-justify">
I thank all my dear readers for taking the time to access my feelings, it is a real pleasure to be able to share with you my love for the family, see you in the next...
</div>
✔️ Todas las fotografías utilizadas en este post son de mi propiedad" |
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json | {"type":"daily","app":"splinterlands/0.7.220524","n":"cjmCmGQVEQ"} |
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json | [{"contractName":"marketpools","contractAction":"swapTokens","contractPayload":{"tokenPair":"SWAP.HIVE:SWAP.EOS","tokenSymbol":"SWAP.HIVE","tokenAmount":"0.8666","tradeType":"exactInput","isSignedWithActiveKey":"true"}},{"contractName":"market","contractAction":"marketSell","contractPayload":{"symbol":"SWAP.EOS","quantity":"0.43150869"}}] |
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json | {"to":"azomiu","qty":0.021,"token":"SPS","memo":"azomiu","app":"splinterlands/0.7.220607"} |
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json | {"type":"quest","quest_id":"10b559a2a5b9769f5fa4091ff3a71bb48ae4d7eb","app":"splinterlands/0.7.220524","n":"gv96auB7RQ"} |
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id | sm_market_rent |
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json | {"items":["1727af093d8c376cc0a65f9d8574c7df4cd95abc-100"],"days":2,"currency":"DEC","limit_price":0.4,"all_or_none":true,"player":"fsdfdsfdf","market":"peakmonsters","app":"peakmonsters"} |
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json | {"items":["1727af093d8c376cc0a65f9d8574c7df4cd95abc-96"],"days":2,"currency":"DEC","limit_price":0.1,"all_or_none":true,"player":"longchau41","market":"peakmonsters","app":"peakmonsters"} |
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json | {"to":"steemmonsters","qty":"1.000","token":"DEC","type":"enter_tournament","tournament_id":"0baa241963bf235a13a0f0d2941582da8bbdfe9a","signed_pw":null,"app":"splinterlands/0.7.139","n":"5HbJbGInzx"} |
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