![](https://images.ecency.com/DQmRwAf3NSJgwG97pBFvVx6p2ppfhih2HqiPNYD6qs56VYT/image.png) 上次讲了北宋时期的帽妖事件。这次再来聊一件非常相似,有异曲同工之妙的,发生在乾隆时期的叫魂大恐慌。叫魂是一种民间习俗,和很多其他民族的朴素信仰一样,古时候的中国人也相信人是由身体和灵魂两部分组,而且灵魂还可以离开身体,比如说睡觉的时候。灵魂与身体相分离这种现象特别容易发生在小孩身上。这大概是对小孩精神不集中的朴素解释吧。而一个人一旦失魂落魄了,就要请懂法术的人替他叫魂把魂给叫回来。既然是法术就看什么用了。法术也可能被坏人利用,把正常人的魂给叫走。民间传说歹人叫魂时需要借助一些东西,比如说受害者头发或穿过的贴身衣物等等。 这样的案件在民间时有发生。被告人往往是一些乞丐和出家的云游和尚。因为这些人没有什么社会关系,走南闯北是流动性人口。在中国古代这个熟人社会里很容易成为替罪羊。而古代中国的官员也都是深受儒家思想的熏陶,所谓子不语怪力乱神,对这些怪力乱神的案子,官员们一般也不是很上心。 但是有一次。这样一件案子,引起了乾隆皇帝的注意。因为被告是两个和尚。他们被群众指认为偷剪别人的辫子用于叫魂害人。乾隆当然不是真的相信这种荒诞不经的市井谣言。真正触动他的是剪辫子这种行为背后的政治含义。清朝刚入关的时候,摄政王多尔衮曾经下达过剃发令要求汉人都要像满洲人那样把前额剃光,后脑勺留一条发辫。这条命令在江南一带受到了广泛的抵制。因为这一地区在明朝时就较为富庶,居民文化程度较高,受儒家思想的熏陶,认为身体发肤受之父母,不可弃也。甚至为了剃头的事情爆发了多次武装反抗。著名的扬州十日和嘉定三屠就发生在这一时期。如今又有多起叫魂案件发生在江南地区,这让时刻担忧自己统治权力受到威胁而且多疑的乾隆皇帝产生了疑虑。这一定是有反清的组织,在以叫魂的名义诱导人们剪辫子,传播反清思想,为起事做准备。但是他又害怕打草惊蛇。于是下旨要地方官严查叫魂的案件。按照他的想法,只要这些地方官员认真彻查,一定能够牵出背后的反清阴谋。 但是这种民间捕风捉影式的谣言哪里能够查得出什么确凿的事实呢?但是皇上也逼得这么急。于是地方官员也只好像以前一样,抓一些乞丐和云游的和尚来杀良冒功。然而这还不算什么,真正引发连锁反应的是当民众看到官府如此卖力的抓叫魂的人,也积极的行动起来,向官府举报甚至扭送可疑的人员。而官员们因为这是皇帝亲自关注的案件,所以对所有的举报他们都不敢掉以轻心。逐一做好记录,扣住嫌疑人,再层层上报。因此整个1768年的夏天,大清国上上下下,从皇帝到底层百姓都在为,都陷入了一场疯狂的运动。民众之所以热衷参与官府抓叫魂的运动,比较合理的解释是因为:在平常大多数的时候他们很难通过官府或者叫朝廷的公权力获得公平和伸张正义。而乾隆皇帝对叫魂案件的重视,使得这类案件成了一把每个人都可以使用的权力之枪。很多人借举报叫魂的名义,将自己的仇家当做嫌疑犯进行举报。比如有人就将自己的债主举报成会妖术叫魂的歹人。 所幸在乾隆朝时期,朝廷中枢的那些高官还是有些操守和能力的。他们复核了下面报上来的叫魂案的嫌疑人,发现全部都是捕风捉影或者诬告,没有一件能够查实的。乾隆皇帝也意识到这件事玩的太过火了,于是在刘罗锅的父亲刘统勋的劝谏之下,亲自下旨停止了这场闹剧。 把这起荒唐荒诞的叫魂事件作为一个重要的历史样本进行研究的是美国的汉学家孔飞力,他为此专门写了一本书。其实这个样本可以看成后世中国发生的很多事件的原型,比如说文革。发生这类事件的原因。可能的解释是:中国的人口发展到了一定的顶峰,乾隆时达到了3亿人。但是中国的生产力并没有发生质的飞跃。虽然同时期的英国已经发生了工业革命,但是中国还是传统的农业社会为主,社会资源和人口之间的矛盾非常突出,整个社会都处于矛盾相当尖锐的高压锅中。一些意想不到的事情经由权力放大就会引起整个社会的狂热。
author | cheva |
---|---|
permlink | 96aded56065b6 |
category | hive-105017 |
json_metadata | {"image":["https://images.ecency.com/DQmRwAf3NSJgwG97pBFvVx6p2ppfhih2HqiPNYD6qs56VYT/image.png"],"tags":["hive-105017","cn","cn-reader","palnet","neoxian","life","lifestyle","history"],"description":"","app":"ecency/3.0.28-vision","format":"markdown+html","thumbnails":["https://images.ecency.com/DQmRwAf3NSJgwG97pBFvVx6p2ppfhih2HqiPNYD6qs56VYT/image.png"]} |
created | 2022-11-17 14:03:45 |
last_update | 2022-11-17 14:22:48 |
depth | 0 |
children | 1 |
last_payout | 2022-11-24 14:03:45 |
cashout_time | 1969-12-31 23:59:59 |
total_payout_value | 2.574 HBD |
curator_payout_value | 2.544 HBD |
pending_payout_value | 0.000 HBD |
promoted | 0.000 HBD |
body_length | 1,649 |
author_reputation | 260,525,097,961,399 |
root_title | 乾隆时期的叫魂大恐慌 |
beneficiaries | [] |
max_accepted_payout | 1,000,000.000 HBD |
percent_hbd | 10,000 |
post_id | 118,405,666 |
net_rshares | 11,563,694,420,204 |
author_curate_reward | "" |
voter | weight | wgt% | rshares | pct | time |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
mangou007 | 0 | 623,152,628 | 20% | ||
good-karma | 0 | 169,774,139,893 | 20.01% | ||
sinzzer | 0 | 7,324,136,933 | 10% | ||
joshglen | 0 | 604,335,111 | 5% | ||
happyphoenix | 0 | 10,391,955,321 | 10% | ||
webdeals | 0 | 2,184,060,403 | 10% | ||
randomblock1 | 0 | 556,126,111 | 10% | ||
bert0 | 0 | 2,797,802,761 | 20% | ||
rivalhw | 0 | 1,572,397,813,465 | 100% | ||
theb0red1 | 0 | 32,924,952,310 | 10% | ||
mikehere | 0 | 2,138,586,658 | 10% | ||
rymlen | 0 | 6,536,952,233 | 10% | ||
esteemapp | 0 | 45,631,912,064 | 20.01% | ||
bigtakosensei | 0 | 10,335,850,884 | 10% | ||
elizacheng | 0 | 7,557,400,030 | 5% | ||
hattaarshavin | 0 | 8,841,595,418 | 10% | ||
sixexgames | 0 | 563,140,088 | 5% | ||
intrepidthinker | 0 | 38,970,392,810 | 10% | ||
pouchon | 0 | 396,538,153,871 | 10% | ||
sharkface | 0 | 10,542,383,201 | 10% | ||
numpypython | 0 | 731,553,949 | 10% | ||
sames | 0 | 4,810,960,098 | 10% | ||
linakay | 0 | 4,504,332,887 | 10% | ||
bitrocker2020 | 0 | 122,005,573,560 | 10% | ||
tj4real | 0 | 1,033,827,363 | 10% | ||
reloadbeatbox | 0 | 2,117,831,666 | 10% | ||
drwom | 0 | 2,997,964,862 | 10% | ||
roncoejr | 0 | 2,576,603,634 | 10% | ||
aaronli | 0 | 35,945,967,645 | 10% | ||
moemanmoesly | 0 | 6,610,021,670 | 10% | ||
zainalbakri | 0 | 4,823,655,997 | 10% | ||
mrpointp | 0 | 16,077,758,277 | 5% | ||
sallybeth23 | 0 | 783,489,837 | 10% | ||
resiliencia | 0 | 886,225,724 | 10% | ||
otage | 0 | 12,605,806,276 | 10% | ||
cn-reader | 0 | 15,845,368,532 | 50% | ||
mrspointm | 0 | 16,506,624,005 | 5% | ||
kimzwarch | 0 | 14,979,633,425 | 4% | ||
chimzycash | 0 | 3,560,957,085 | 10% | ||
davidke20 | 0 | 8,811,242,871 | 2.1% | ||
fatman | 0 | 8,753,936,169 | 2% | ||
mawit07 | 0 | 40,515,972,705 | 10% | ||
jasonmunapasee | 0 | 4,441,734,218 | 10% | ||
esteem.app | 0 | 5,427,856,265 | 20.01% | ||
jaforce | 0 | 4,195,132,050 | 10% | ||
namchau | 0 | 3,872,367,135 | 70% | ||
jychbetter | 0 | 22,636,092,552 | 5% | ||
winniex | 0 | 19,083,905,385 | 5% | ||
dbooster | 0 | 17,803,248,858 | 10% | ||
myach | 0 | 1,886,444,574 | 10% | ||
tworealsolutions | 0 | 4,507,336,617 | 10% | ||
mattroconnor | 0 | 2,772,450,084 | 10% | ||
windowglass | 0 | 33,425,301,168 | 5% | ||
angelina6688 | 0 | 2,065,682,903 | 5% | ||
elderson | 0 | 8,667,090,390 | 10% | ||
weisheng167388 | 0 | 7,038,959,548 | 100% | ||
auleo | 0 | 2,131,436,446 | 5% | ||
cheva | 0 | 17,864,060,004 | 10% | ||
slacktmusic | 0 | 1,732,836,308 | 10% | ||
ikrahch | 0 | 39,984,593,328 | 10% | ||
badmusgreene | 0 | 828,534,164 | 10% | ||
sanach | 0 | 686,797,272 | 10% | ||
cherryng | 0 | 2,677,201,185 | 5% | ||
nostalgic1212 | 0 | 18,479,439,176 | 5% | ||
moeenali | 0 | 69,223,574,374 | 10% | ||
funkymunky20000 | 0 | 1,283,723,176 | 10% | ||
makingthebest09 | 0 | 608,387,029 | 10% | ||
randumb | 0 | 848,176,373 | 7.5% | ||
babarakas43 | 0 | 7,134,371,804 | 10% | ||
vonaurolacu | 0 | 3,005,032,849 | 5% | ||
greendeliverence | 0 | 5,000,435,629 | 10% | ||
truce | 0 | 313,760,904,943 | 10% | ||
hypersonic1 | 0 | 30,153,502,872 | 10% | ||
mimidee74 | 0 | 2,167,919,846 | 10% | ||
aellly | 0 | 2,361,017,923 | 5% | ||
thomasbrown | 0 | 13,652,520,567 | 10% | ||
yameen | 0 | 4,007,774,139 | 10% | ||
ryenneleow | 0 | 5,994,654,749 | 90% | ||
headcrypto | 0 | 1,601,625,386 | 10% | ||
tresor | 0 | 52,025,535,966 | 20% | ||
chinyerevivian | 0 | 6,872,348,425 | 10% | ||
lordgod | 0 | 590,969,523 | 10% | ||
softmetal | 0 | 566,979,029 | 10% | ||
rightwing670 | 0 | 23,418,028,965 | 10% | ||
tanlikming | 0 | 18,049,854,497 | 100% | ||
ragnar94 | 0 | 1,925,070,968 | 10% | ||
archisteem | 0 | 1,263,496,098 | 7.5% | ||
steemxp | 0 | 1,183,147,469 | 10% | ||
ibook-ishare | 0 | 712,034,554 | 100% | ||
idayrus | 0 | 4,007,949,987 | 10% | ||
gemstone-puppy | 0 | 498,399,677 | 100% | ||
byebyehamburgers | 0 | 7,295,511,107 | 10% | ||
nattybongo | 0 | 2,096,466,805 | 10% | ||
lilzmom902 | 0 | 3,913,783,492 | 10% | ||
graceli | 0 | 2,422,613,957 | 5% | ||
ireenchew | 0 | 5,769,259,507 | 10% | ||
jluvs2fly | 0 | 8,883,384,796 | 10% | ||
julian2013 | 0 | 4,764,431,323 | 5% | ||
maeusenews | 0 | 2,101,251,486 | 10% | ||
marfonso | 0 | 1,057,557,087 | 10% | ||
cherryzz | 0 | 4,299,662,922 | 5% | ||
sasaadrian | 0 | 14,428,615,579 | 20% | ||
minhaz007 | 0 | 828,837,846 | 10% | ||
memeteca | 0 | 5,526,742,085 | 20% | ||
nureza | 0 | 597,789,609 | 10% | ||
nworb | 0 | 6,163,742,841 | 10% | ||
ketcom | 0 | 12,839,846,034 | 100% | ||
solaiman | 0 | 3,597,430,995 | 10% | ||
brucutu | 0 | 7,537,967,226 | 10% | ||
ferrate | 0 | 9,030,441,293 | 10% | ||
bittrio | 0 | 3,597,640,869 | 10% | ||
steemturbo | 0 | 1,069,443,251 | 10% | ||
cryptovues | 0 | 5,494,911,553 | 10% | ||
ragnarhewins90 | 0 | 500,499,652 | 10% | ||
apokruphos | 0 | 3,526,076,454 | 1% | ||
brada2550 | 0 | 551,118,962 | 10% | ||
paleotwist | 0 | 2,665,495,653 | 10% | ||
zellypearl | 0 | 8,869,146,299 | 10% | ||
hans001 | 0 | 934,277,388 | 10% | ||
c4cristi3 | 0 | 3,854,288,398 | 10% | ||
foreversteem | 0 | 812,098,553 | 10% | ||
ano123 | 0 | 72,482,325,539 | 10% | ||
q-news | 0 | 746,850,142 | 10% | ||
coreyssteemit77 | 0 | 1,089,164,846 | 10% | ||
backscratcher | 0 | 4,549,547,445 | 10% | ||
rocketpower | 0 | 2,654,384,022 | 100% | ||
photographercr | 0 | 8,969,219,544 | 4% | ||
curtley | 0 | 510,574,524 | 100% | ||
x-tech | 0 | 2,224,775,892 | 10% | ||
moro1992 | 0 | 734,160,967 | 10% | ||
xyzxyz | 0 | 4,672,540,739 | 10% | ||
evanstinger | 0 | 4,277,149,057 | 10% | ||
ying82 | 0 | 2,989,162,071 | 5% | ||
aekraj | 0 | 10,204,265,446 | 10% | ||
h-hamilton | 0 | 3,524,276,911 | 10% | ||
supremebape | 0 | 19,703,641,334 | 10% | ||
kryptoking1 | 0 | 5,566,431,964 | 10% | ||
atyh | 0 | 5,088,132,223 | 2.5% | ||
maxuve | 0 | 0 | 100% | ||
odditiesandends | 0 | 611,552,919 | 100% | ||
naej | 0 | 1,915,947,426 | 10% | ||
photosnap | 0 | 508,150,718 | 10% | ||
lovequeen | 0 | 10,798,819,658 | 5% | ||
bnk | 0 | 6,155,281,672 | 20% | ||
mpath | 0 | 1,201,009,157 | 100% | ||
ecency | 0 | 7,543,040,816,413 | 20.01% | ||
logicforce | 0 | 495,297,656 | 10% | ||
ecency.stats | 0 | 6,749,006,104 | 20.01% | ||
zartisht | 0 | 43,248,464,115 | 10% | ||
aceh-media | 0 | 2,361,103,934 | 10% | ||
hivevote | 0 | 1,754,285,571 | 5% | ||
jingjing1616 | 0 | 56,508,640,910 | 100% | ||
philipmak | 0 | 1,353,432,559 | 50% | ||
emma-emma | 0 | 2,199,580,941 | 5% | ||
zanoz | 0 | 9,402,387,863 | 10% | ||
ricestrela | 0 | 1,483,278,336 | 4% | ||
ericaliu | 0 | 1,558,899,251 | 5% | ||
duwiky | 0 | 2,829,657,591 | 10% | ||
abundancelife | 0 | 2,000,715,879 | 5% | ||
lovelingling | 0 | 1,278,789,365 | 5% | ||
everlandd | 0 | 1,054,471,432 | 5% | ||
celeste413 | 0 | 896,961,692 | 3.75% | ||
noempathy | 0 | 5,752,665,081 | 100% | ||
elephantium | 0 | 1,201,799,692 | 50% | ||
alpha-omega | 0 | 1,279,317,709 | 5% | ||
mhowii | 0 | 707,677,400 | 100% | ||
hyun-soo | 0 | 11,946,759,466 | 10% | ||
cugel | 0 | 2,426,813,317 | 5% | ||
circlebubble | 0 | 2,101,862,563 | 7% | ||
gejzep | 0 | 9,979,859,638 | 5% | ||
fairyberry | 0 | 2,613,368,347 | 10% | ||
mistural | 0 | 2,006,964,249 | 10% | ||
mnurhiver | 0 | 4,162,389,336 | 10% | ||
waivio.curator | 0 | 2,561,926,900 | 4.86% | ||
bluedevil0722 | 0 | 4,503,229,715 | 50% | ||
asdfghjkiraaa | 0 | 911,922,434 | 100% | ||
thunderjack | 0 | 716,893,977 | 10% | ||
sagarkothari88 | 0 | 50,920,015,629 | 5% | ||
joelibra | 0 | 2,387,810,936 | 10% | ||
xecency | 0 | -280,817,326 | -20.01% | ||
cryoverall | 0 | 17,370,097,044 | 50% | ||
genepoolrentsclr | 0 | 2,538,440,023 | 5% | ||
apeofwallst | 0 | 857,533,195 | 25% | ||
huolian | 0 | 3,758,317,152 | 10% |
**Yay!** 🤗<br>Your content has been **boosted with Ecency Points**, by @cheva. <br>Use Ecency daily to boost your growth on platform! <br><br><b>Support Ecency</b><br>[Vote for new Proposal](https://hivesigner.com/sign/update-proposal-votes?proposal_ids=%5B197%5D&approve=true)<br>[Delegate HP and earn more](https://ecency.com/hive-125125/@ecency/daily-100-curation-rewards)
author | ecency |
---|---|
permlink | re-20221118t02732943z |
category | hive-105017 |
json_metadata | {"tags":["ecency"],"app":"ecency/3.0.20-welcome","format":"markdown+html"} |
created | 2022-11-18 00:27:33 |
last_update | 2022-11-18 00:27:33 |
depth | 1 |
children | 0 |
last_payout | 2022-11-25 00:27:33 |
cashout_time | 1969-12-31 23:59:59 |
total_payout_value | 0.000 HBD |
curator_payout_value | 0.000 HBD |
pending_payout_value | 0.000 HBD |
promoted | 0.000 HBD |
body_length | 375 |
author_reputation | 549,971,524,037,747 |
root_title | 乾隆时期的叫魂大恐慌 |
beneficiaries | [] |
max_accepted_payout | 1,000,000.000 HBD |
percent_hbd | 10,000 |
post_id | 118,418,291 |
net_rshares | 0 |