<i>Current quantum processors with spin qubits use miniature electrical conductors that create magnetic fields. This is used to control the qubits. But such a design is quite impractical. New breakthrough design includes a dielectric resonator that allows a homogeneous magnetic field to control many many qubits.</i>

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So far we have only seen quantum processors with a handful of qubits. This isn’t bad but isn’t that great either. A team from the University of New South Wales (UNSW) in Sydney is now changing the rules of the game. They came up with a major innovation that will over time allow us to build silicone-based quantum processors with millions of qubits allowing us to perform inconceivable quantum calculations.

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Jarryd Pla and his team cracked a problem that was so far complicating the development of quantum computers. And it has been doing so for decades. The problem lies in how to control not only a few but many qubits in a processor without losing a lot of valuable space and increase heat production. As Pla says – qubits based on the spin of electrons were so far controlled by microwave-magnetic fields that generate electrical current passing very nearly to the qubit.

Such a design is unusable for processors with millions of qubits. So, the solution must lie in a complete redesign of the quantum processor’s structure. Instead of using thousands of miniature conductors that would interweave the quantum processor, the researchers used a new way of generating the microwave-magnetic field. They used a dielectric resonator in the form of a prism-shaped crystal that was placed over the quantum processor.

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The dielectric resonator shortens the length of the microwaves under one millimeter. This leads to an effective generation of a magnetic field that can control the spins of all the qubits in the processor. The new design comes with two key innovations. The first lies in the fact that now we can control a large number of qubits with only a minimal amount of exerted energy. The second is connected to the fact that the created magnetic field is quite homogeneous throughout the quantum processor so it works with all the qubits in the same way.

The researchers are now planning to use the new technology to simplify and improve the design of a new generation of quantum processors. The removal of the conductors that were so far necessary to control the qubits will create empty space. This space can be filled with more qubits and electrical elements.

While we will have to wait for some time for quantum processors with millions of qubits we now have the technology that will one day allow us to control them.

<h4>Sources:</h4>
* https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/33/eabg9158

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