As an immigrant, grandson of an immigrant on one side and great-great-grandson of an immigrant on the other side, I agree: it's a super complex issue all around, eh? Interesting to hear Finland is having problems with the birth rate too. Of course Japan famously has been having this problem for yers, but I wonder if the rest of the developed world has caught up, so to speak. Most years it is still a slight negative here, with more deaths than births—and virtually no immigration, so society is shrinking, but I think it has also stopped falling as dramatically as many feared, even with the massive inflation of the past few years.