For its own part, the NREL has turned to AI to analyse complex subterranean environments to try to find the best places to drill for supercritical water, as well as helping to predict and detect faults with drills before they cause major issues.

And some companies are already making inroads into the deep Earth. Geothermal company Eavor told the BBC that in 2024 it reached a depth of three miles (5km) with two vertical wells at a site in Gerestried, Bavaria, Germany. It has been using two of the largest land-based drilling rigs in Europe in an effort to create a commercial-scale plant in Geretsried that aims to bring geothermal heat to the surface by circulating water inside a closed loop design it calls the Eavor Loop.