Ropeworm

Newly Discovered Rope Worm Infections: First Case Report in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries

https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=113886

is this new uncategorized worm actually spike protein amyloidosis effecting gut microbe microbiome, makeing rope like blood clots?

taurine glycine gaba serotonin glutamate

Maternal taurine as a modulator of Cl– homeostasis as well as of glycine/GABAA receptors for neocortical development

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10435090/

https://youtu.be/2NLfaGfaBII?feature=shared

https://youtu.be/ohihlsM7iyA?feature=shared

Alanine
Glycine 
Glutamine
Glutamate

Excitotoxicity
NMDA Overactivation 
BMAA
B-Methylamino-L-Alanine 

Diaminobutyric Acid (DAB)
Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB)

Methyl Group (CH3)
Methylation 
Oxidation

Cyanobacteria
Microalgae
Plant Root Symbiont

GABA
DHEA 
Pregnenolone
Butyrate Butter

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The Truth About Magnesium Glycinate and Breakouts

https://sanahaus.co/blogs/sage/magnesium-glycinate-and-breakouts?srsltid=AfmBOoqGUw37LX-yNYnXbi5lkos0BhEabXELEMZaoaM5y5idOIxhIRJv

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitotoxicity

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/NMDA_receptor_antagonist

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/3/698

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Butyrate oxidation is the process where butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid, is metabolized by cells.

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Microbial BMAA and the Pathway for Parkinson’s Disease Neurodegeneration

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7019015/

Non-Proteinogenic Amino Acid β-N-Methylamino-L-Alanine (BMAA): Bioactivity and Ecological Significance

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9414260/

Oxidation of cyanobacterial neurotoxin beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) with chlorine, permanganate, ozone, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0043135418304342

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While BMAA itself is not a prion, it has been proposed that chronic exposure to BMAA might contribute to neurodegeneration by promoting protein misfolding and aggregation, a process resembling the prion-like mechanism observed in certain neurodegenerative diseases.

BMAA can be degraded through various oxidation methods, but the effectiveness can be influenced by factors like pH

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Cyanobacteria
Microalgae
Plant Root Symbiont

it was first discovered in Guam, from algae root symbiont that infects the berries?

is this the origin Prion discoved New Guinea?

match up the symptoms of BMAA with Long Covid, Malaria & HIV? 

because if they put this microalgae in a mycoplasma &/or gut bacteria as a symbiont, it would behave exactly like what we are seeing.

Amino Sulfate 
Ammonium Sulfate
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate (ALS) 

Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation: 

Surfactant
Protein Purification
Stabilizes Protein Structure 

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondroitin_sulfate

Taurine

Protein Precipitation Using Ammonium Sulfate

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4817497/

Proteins are usually stored in ammonium sulfate because it inhibits bacterial growth. With the addition of ammonium sulfate, proteins unfolded by denaturants can be pushed into their native conformations. This can be seen with the folding of recombinant proteins.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_sulfate_precipitation

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Taurine, a nutrient found in the body, plays a significant role in lipid metabolism. It helps regulate blood lipid levels, potentially by affecting the synthesis and breakdown of fats and cholesterol. 

It can affect the expression and activity of key enzymes involved in both the synthesis and breakdown of these substances.

Taurine can promote the formation of bile acids, which are important for fat digestion and absorption. 

Dietary taurine supplementation has been shown to reduce cholesterol and visceral fat.

The molecular targets of taurine confer anti-hyperlipidemic effects

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0024320521005658

Colestipol Hydrochloride 
Bile Acid Sequestrants

Betaine / Thiamine HCL
Hydrochloric Acid

Cholic Acid 
Chenodeoxycholic Acid 
 
Copper Peptide (GHK-Cu)
Methylene Blue

Carbonic Acid
Carbonic Anhydrase 
Chloride

Hypochlorhydria 
Achlorhydria 

if your stomach acids are not strong enough causes many complex problems.

GOOD

Bile
Taurine
Butyrate
Hydrochloride
Stomach Acid

BAD

NMDA Overactivation
BMAA
B-Methylamino-L-Alanine

Diaminobutyric Acid (DAB)

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Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

Produced by the stomach lining.

Creates an acidic environment (low pH) in the stomach.

Activates pepsin, an enzyme that breaks down proteins.

Kills bacteria and pathogens that enter the body with food.
 
Bile

Produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.

An alkaline fluid containing bile acids (also called bile salts), bilirubin, cholesterol, and other substances.

Neutralizes acidic chyme from the stomach when released into the small intestine.

Emulsifies fats, breaking them into smaller droplets to increase the surface area for lipase enzymes to act on them, facilitating digestion.

Aids in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K).

Helps eliminate waste products from the body, including bilirubin.

Has bactericidal activity against microorganisms. 

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach is produced using chloride ions, which the body gets from dietary sources like table salt (sodium chloride). 

When ingested, sodium chloride dissociates into sodium and chloride ions. The stomach lining cells then use these ions to produce HCl. 

Chloride is an essential electrolyte, and it's a key component of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach. 

Table salt (sodium chloride) is a primary source of chloride for the body. When we consume salt, it breaks down into sodium and chloride ions. 

Stomach Acid Production:

The parietal cells in the stomach lining use these chloride ions to produce HCl. These cells pump hydrogen ions (from carbonic acid) into the stomach, and chloride ions follow, creating HCl. 

Functions of HCl:

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach is vital for protein digestion and helps protect the body against ingested pathogens.

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Hydrogen ions are formed from the dissociation of carbonic acid. Water is a very minor source of hydrogen ions in comparison to carbonic acid. Carbonic acid is formed from carbon dioxide and water by carbonic anhydrase.

The bicarbonate ion (HCO3−) is exchanged for a chloride ion (Cl−) on the basal side of the cell and the bicarbonate diffuses into the venous blood, leading to an alkaline tide phenomenon.

Potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl−) ions diffuse into the canaliculi.

Hydrogen ions are pumped out of the cell into the canaliculi in exchange for potassium ions, via the H+/K+ ATPase. These receptors are increased in number on luminal side by fusion of tubulovesicles during activation of parietal cells and removed during deactivation. This receptor maintains a million fold difference in proton concentration. ATP is provided by the numerous mitochondria.

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Hydrogen Bonding in Peptide Structure:

Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds:

Hydrogen bonds within a peptide chain (between the carbonyl oxygen of one amino acid and the amide hydrogen of another) are critical for defining the secondary structures of peptides.

Hydrogen bonds contribute significantly to the overall stability of the peptide and its ability to fold into specific shapes. 

Peptides can use hydrogen bonds to bind to other molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, and metal ions, affecting their biological activity. 

Peptides and hyaluronic acid are combined in skincare products to deliver both immediate and long-term hydration and skin-firming benefits.

Prion-"like"
BMAA
ALS-PDC
Microalgae 
Cyanobacteria
Plant Root Symbiont
Cycad Seeds
Island of Guam
Flying Foxes


BMAA, microalgae, and plant root symbiosis

BMAA can be produced by both free-living cyanobacteria and those living in symbiosis with plants.Some plant species, like cycads, form symbiotic relationships with cyanobacteria, specifically in their roots, which can produce BMAA.This symbiotic relationship allows for nitrogen fixation by the cyanobacteria, providing a benefit to the plant.However, the BMAA produced by these symbiotic cyanobacteria can be transferred to the plant and accumulate in its tissues, including the seeds.Research has shown that consuming these plant parts (e.g., cycad seeds) can lead to human exposure to BMAA.The presence of BMAA in the environment and its potential biomagnification through food webs is a growing concern for human health, particularly in relation to neurodegenerative diseases. 

Studies on the island of Guam linked the high incidence of the neurological disorder ALS-PDC to the consumption of cycad seeds and flying foxes, which consumed the seeds. BMAA was found in the cycad roots (produced by symbiotic cyanobacteria) and in the brains of ALS-PDC patients.
Further research indicates that BMAA can also be produced by free-living cyanobacteria in aquatic environments and can be transferred through aquatic food webs.

Synthesizing hydrochloric acid:

Direct synthesis 
(industrial and laboratory)

Chlorine and Hydrogen Combination:Chlorine gas (Cl2) and hydrogen gas (H2) are reacted in a controlled exothermic reaction, often referred to as an "HCl oven" or "HCl burner," to produce hydrogen chloride gas (HCl (g)).This resulting hydrogen chloride gas is then absorbed in deionized water, yielding high-purity hydrochloric acid, suitable for use in industries like food manufacturing.This reaction can be triggered by blue light.The primary raw materials are chlorine gas (from brine electrolysis) and hydrogen gas (from sources like steam reforming of natural gas or water electrolysis). 

Salt and sulfuric acid process (historical and laboratory)

Heating Sodium Chloride with Sulfuric Acid: In this method, common salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) is heated with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at elevated temperatures to produce hydrogen chloride gas.

This method focuses on recovering hydrochloric acid from spent pickling liquor (used in steel cleaning).

Hargreaves Process: This process involves heating a mixture of salt, sulfur dioxide, oxygen, and water at elevated temperatures (430-540°C).

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hydrogen ions in alcohol metabolism

acetaldehyde detoxification

electrolyzed hydrogen water 

Hydrogen atoms play a crucial role in alcohol metabolism. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzymes in the liver convert alcohol to acetaldehyde by removing hydrogen atoms, which are then transferred to the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), forming NADH. The acetaldehyde is further metabolized to acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) by also removing hydrogen atoms and transferring them to NAD+, producing more NADH.

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Hydrogen water tablets
Molecular hydrogen (H2)

80 mg of Magnesium 
8 PPM (parts per million) 
Molecular Hydrogen (H2)
Malic, Tartaric, Adipic acid

Hydrogen tablets, when dropped into water, dissolve and generate molecular hydrogen (H₂), which infuses the water with H₂ gas. This process involves a chemical reaction, often using magnesium as a base, which reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas and magnesium hydroxide.  

Hydrogen Generating Tablets: These tablets contain minerals that, when added to water, create a chemical reaction that releases H2 gas, infusing the water with hydrogen.

Hydrogen generating tablets, often referred to as molecular hydrogen tablets, are a form of supplement designed to produce molecular hydrogen gas when dissolved in water. These tablets typically contain elemental magnesium which reacts with water to release hydrogen gas. The resulting hydrogen-rich water is then consumed to potentially reap the benefits associated with molecular hydrogen. 

Elemental Magnesium: 
This is the core ingredient responsible for the chemical reaction that generates molecular hydrogen.Malic Acid, Tartaric Acid, and Adipic Acid: These natural acids, found in various fruits and vegetables, facilitate the breakdown of magnesium and activate hydrogen production.

 Core ingredients

Magnesium: This is often the primary ingredient in hydrogen water tablets. When magnesium reacts with water, it releases molecular hydrogen (H2) and forms magnesium hydroxide.Acids: Acids like malic, tartaric, and adipic acid are commonly included in the tablets. These organic acids contribute to:Accelerating the reaction: They help lower the pH of the water, which speeds up the dissolution of the tablet and the release of hydrogen gas.Enhancing absorption: Some formulations suggest these acids may improve the bioavailability of hydrogen at the cellular level. 

Process

Dissolution and Reaction: When you drop a hydrogen tablet into a glass of water (ideally at room temperature), the acids and magnesium react to generate hydrogen gas.Hydrogen Infusion: The hydrogen gas produced then dissolves into the water, creating hydrogen-rich water.

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looking at the importance of stomach acids, and how they decrease with age, causing malnutrition issues.

Betaine HCL (Hydrochloride)

and looking at bringing Molecular Hydrogen (H2) levels up for overall health benefits, its Magnesium tablets with fruit acids mixed in water.

H2 Molecular Hydrogen Tablets

80 mg of Magnesium
8 PPM (parts per million)
Molecular Hydrogen (H2)
Malic, Tartaric, Adipic acid.

Magnesium makes Hydrogen from acid & water.

suspect just taking Betaine HCL & Magnesium supplement with a big cup of water would manufacture the Molecular Hydrogen H2.

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Molecular hydrogen: a preventive and therapeutic medical gas for various diseases

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5731988/

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_hydride

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_monohydride

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Magnesium & Aether, something was pushing me to look in that direction.

over the years i have been fiddling around with Magnesium, kind of looking for something significant.

taking Magnesium supliments is ok  dosnt seem to do anything.

found the connection today, its difficult to explain, but apparently Magnesium & Water with an acidic environment, is the mineral that releases Molecular Hydrogen (H2) into Biological activity.

Magnesium is the key to Hydrogen, and Hydrogen is the smallest molecule, otherwise known as a Proton.

NAD+ATP meaning anti-ageing.

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index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD) saturation unsaturation

index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD)

https://www.masterorganicchemistry.com/2016/08/26/degrees-of-unsaturation-index-of-hydrogen-deficiency/

The role of hydrogen bonds and magnesium in protein structure

The three-dimensional structure of proteins, essential for their biological function, is stabilized by various interactions, including hydrogen bonds and the coordination of magnesium ions. 

Secondary Structure: In alpha-helices and beta-sheets, hydrogen bonds form between the backbone carbonyl oxygen and amide hydrogen atoms. These regularly arranged hydrogen bonds create the stable folding patterns observed in secondary structures.

Tertiary and Quaternary Structure: 

In the overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide chain (tertiary structure) and protein complexes formed by multiple chains (quaternary structure), hydrogen bonds also contribute to stability by forming between the side chains of amino acids and within the polypeptide backbone.

Magnesium in protein structure

Magnesium ions (Mg²), abundant in cells, are crucial for stabilizing protein structure and function, particularly in proteins that interact with nucleic acids. 

Role in Protein Structure and Function: 

Mg² ions play a role in maintaining the three-dimensional conformation of DNA and RNA and influence their interaction with proteins. They bind to various protein classes, including DNA/RNA polymerases, reverse transcriptases, and telomerases, regulating crucial cellular processes.

Magnesium Binding Sites:

Protein-binding sites for Mg² often involve multiple acidic residues and can be classified based on ligand arrangement, binding coordination, metal-binding specificity, and ligand types (like cofactors such as ATP). Examples include conserved motifs with multiple acidic residues, EF-hand binding motifs, and discontinuous binding sites formed by sequentially distant residues.

Effect on Protein Folding: 

Mg² is essential for all RNA folding processes and energetic states, forming a rigid, octahedral structure with oxygen atoms that incorporate phosphate groups. Mg² binding reduces electrostatic repulsion between the negatively charged RNA backbone and facilitates folding into complex tertiary structures, Mg² binding can induce the folding transition of RNA, favoring the folded state.

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The Significance of Hydrogen Bonds
In DNA: 

Hydrogen bonds are the fundamental forces that hold the two strands of the DNA double helix together, forming complementary base pairs (adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine).

In Protein-DNA Interactions: Protein-DNA recognition relies heavily on specific hydrogen bonds formed between amino acid side chains and the edges of DNA bases within the major and minor grooves. This interplay allows proteins to recognize and bind to specific DNA sequences, regulating vital processes like gene expression and DNA repair.

Magnesium's Role
In DNA: 

Magnesium ions (Mg²) are essential for stabilizing the DNA double helix. They achieve this primarily by neutralizing the negative charges of the phosphate groups in the DNA backbone, thereby reducing electrostatic repulsion between the strands and promoting their stability. This shielding effect allows the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs to hold the DNA strands together more effectively.

With Proteins: Mg² ions act as cofactors for a vast array of enzymes, especially kinases which are involved in phosphorylation processes such as glycolysis, cell signaling, and cell cycle regulation. They often participate in enzyme catalysis by correctly orienting a water molecule for the reaction or by establishing precise geometry between the enzyme and its substrate. Magnesium ions also form stable complexes with phosphate-containing molecules, notably ATP, which must be bound to Mg² to be biologically active.

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two positive hydrogen ions become hydrogen atoms:

the reaction between magnesium (Mg) and water (H₂O) is: Mg + 2H₂O → Mg(OH)₂ + H₂. In this reaction, magnesium (a solid metal) reacts with water to produce magnesium hydroxide (also a solid) and hydrogen gas. The positive hydrogen ions (H⁺) from water are reduced to neutral hydrogen atoms, which then combine to form hydrogen molecules (H₂). 

In the reaction between magnesium ( Mg ) and water ( H2O ), magnesium displaces hydrogen from water, leading to the formation of magnesium hydroxide ( Mg(OH)2 ) and hydrogen gas ( H2 ).

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F0 F1 ATP Synthase

F0F1 ATP synthase, found in cellular membranes, is a rotary molecular motor that plays a critical role in cellular energy production by synthesizing adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

The F0F1 ATP synthase, found in cellular membranes, is a rotary molecular motor that plays a critical role in cellular energy production by synthesizing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). This process is driven by the electrochemical potential difference across the membrane, primarily powered by a proton (H+) gradient (or in some species, a sodium (Na+) gradient) called the proton-motive force (PMF). 

Magnesium ions: Mg2+ ions play a critical role in ATP synthesis by facilitating the formation of the transition state during the reaction where ATP is synthesized from ADP and Pi. 

Magnesium also plays a role in buffering the proton concentration in the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS), potentially influencing the PMF available for ATP synthesis.