I had to think about the answer to that for a second.. That is actually a bad idea. See even if you take a picture at f/22 and assuming you are in live view mode, the aperture of your lens is likely at f/1.4 until you click the shutter. The energy of the sun is strong enough when focused by your lens to heat the internals of your camera very quickly. If things get hot enough, they will be damaged. Even if the heat doesn't cause damage, the voltages generated in the sensor's electronics may be enough to damage the circuitry. 

Another thing to keep in mind is that the higher the sun is in the sky, the greater the damage it can cause. If the sun is lower on the horizon there is more atmosphere and clouds in the way to prevent that. 

The filter is there as much to protect your camera internals as it is to filter out the light :)

I mean you can try it, there's a chance you wont cause damage to your camera, but I wouldn't recommend it!