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Una mosca de la familia Syrphidae - A fly of the family Syrphidae. by capp

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Una mosca de la familia Syrphidae - A fly of the family Syrphidae.
<div class="text-justify">El orden Diptera, que incluye mosquitos y moscas verdaderas, comprenden más de 153.000 especies descritas (alrededor del 10 al 12 % de la biodiversidad del planeta) y tienen un ritmo de casi 1.000 nuevas especies descritas al año. El orden Diptera no solo es rico en número de especies, sino también en morfología y estructura, uso de hábitats e interacciones humanas.</div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><blockquote>The order Diptera, which includes mosquitoes and true flies, comprises more than 153,000 described species (about 10-12% of the planet's biodiversity) and has a rate of near 1,000 new species described per year. The order Diptera is not only rich in species numbers, but also in morphology and structure, habitats use and human interactions.</blockquote></div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify">En el orden Diptera se encuentra la familia Syrphidae que es una de las más diversas del orden, con más de 6.000 especies descritas, y a su vez es el tercer taxón con más especies en la Región Neotropical. Las moscas de esta familia son llamadas comúnmente como moscas de las flores o moscas planeadoras o revoloteadoras, porque muestran una gran maniobrabilidad en vuelo, permaneciendo suspendidas en una posición estática. La coloración varía desde el marrón anaranjado en unas pocas especies hasta llamativos dibujos amarillos y negros; esto hace que se confundan con abejas o avispas. Los adultos de la familia Syrphidae tienen la capacidad de revolotear y se asocian a las flores, que utilizan como lugares de apareamiento y fuentes de alimento (polen y néctar). Por eso, se consideran importantes polinizadores de hierbas, arbustos y plantas arbóreas tanto en ecosistemas naturales como en zonas agrícolas.</div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><blockquote>The order Diptera includes the family Syrphidae, which is one of the most diverse in the order, with more than 6,000 described species, and is the third taxon with the most species in the Neotropical Region. Flies of this family are commonly called flower flies or hover flies because they exhibit high maneuverability in flight, remaining hovering in a static position. Coloration varies from orange-brown in a few species to striking yellow and black patterns; this causes them to be confused with bees or wasps. Adults of the family Syrphidae have the ability to hover and are associated with flowers, which they use as mating sites and food sources (pollen and nectar). Therefore, they are considered important pollinators of herbs, shrubs and arboreal plants in both natural ecosystems and agricultural areas.</blockquote></div><p></p>
<center>https://images.hive.blog/DQmXMbNootJfk1yvqdRP7j5r9udijFBBudDnq16UetZTj3M/01.JPG</center><p></p>
<div class="text-justify">Con relación a las larvas de la familia Syrphidae, son muy variables en estructura, hábitos y modos de alimentación. Se crían en nidos de himenópteros sociales, estiércol, madera en descomposición y masas de agua de varios tipos. Las larvas de algunas especies pueden minar hojas y tallos de numerosas familias de plantas, o incluso alimentarse de polen, algunas incluyen los cuerpos fructíferos de hongos, otras son depredadoras de artrópodos (pulgones, orugas, larvas de moscas o escarabajos y moscas adultas) o son cleptoparásitas o parasitoides. Debido a su modo de alimentación, algunas especies de la familia Syrphidae desempeñan un importante papel como agentes de control biológico de plagas y como descomponedores de materia orgánica.</div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><blockquote>As for the larvae of the family Syrphidae, they are very variable in structure, habits and feeding modes. They breed in social hymenopteran nests, dung, decaying wood and water bodies of several types. The larvae of some species can mine leaves and stems of numerous plant families, or even feed on pollen, some include the fruiting bodies of fungi, others are predators of arthropods (aphids, caterpillars, larvae of flies or beetles and adult flies) or are kleptoparasitic or parasitoids. Because of their feeding mode, some species of the family Syrphidae play an important role as biological control agents of pests and as decomposers of organic matter.</blockquote></div><p></p>
<center>https://images.hive.blog/DQmUFdhgdGp87L7N79hTN48Pt3WnEDAeqpTmGjRBxR6LDZ3/02.JPG</center><p></p>
<div class="text-justify">Para diferenciar un poco más entre las especies de la familia Syrphidae, en relación con los estados inmaduros que muestran una amplia gama de estilos de vida y adaptaciones. Dentro de la familia Syrphidae se ubican tres subfamilias. La subfamilia Syrphinae con algunas especies depredadores de insectos del orden Hemiptera, con efectos beneficiosos como agentes de biocontrol y otras especies depredadoras de insectos acuáticos en plantas de la familia Bromeliaceae, mientras que otras especies son secundariamente minadoras de hojas, perforadoras de tallos o se alimentan de polen. Otra subfamilia es Microdontinae, que incluye especies que son depredadoras de estados inmaduros de hormigas, y finalmente la subfamilia Eristalinae que incluye especies que se alimentan de materia orgánica en descomposición, algunas se alimentan de estiércol animal, depósitos de agua en fitotelmas (cavidades llenas de agua en plantas terrestres), mientras que otras especies se alimentan de la savia exudada de las plantas.</div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><blockquote>To further differentiate between the species of the family Syrphidae, in relation to the immature stages they display a wide range of lifestyles and adaptations. Within the family Syrphidae three subfamilies are located. The subfamily Syrphinae with some species predators of insects of the order Hemiptera, with beneficial effects as biocontrol agents and other species predators of aquatic insects on plants of the family Bromeliaceae, while other species are secondarily leaf-miners, stem-borers or pollen-feeders. Another subfamily is Microdontinae, which includes species that are predators of immature states of ants, and finally the subfamily Eristalinae which includes species that feed on decaying organic matter, some feed on animal dung, water deposits in phytotelmata (water-filled cavities in terrestrial plants), while other species feed on the exuded sap of plants.</blockquote></div><p></p>
<center>https://images.hive.blog/DQmbh2YwjRvqeFLX59oPkGXDGo7SQEj5Xi5AAA6EYRvK2y4/03.JPG</center><p></p>
<div class="text-justify">Las moscas de las flores de la subfamilia Eristalinae se encuentran entre las moscas de las flores más comunes y llamativas. Estas moscas son polinizadoras comunes en casi todos los lugares donde hay flores, estando ausentes solo en zonas verdaderamente áridas y en las regiones polares. Las larvas de estas moscas se alimentan por filtración en todo tipo de medios acuáticos y se denominan comúnmente "gusanos de cola de rata". En ocasiones, estas larvas son ingeridas accidentalmente por el ser humano, lo que provoca miasis. Por lo demás, las larvas contribuyen a la purificación del agua filtrando microorganismos y otros productos. La subfamilia Eristalinae incluye a la tribu Eristalini y esta a su vez a la subtribu Eristalina, en la que se clasifican 16 géneros y 400 especies.</div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><blockquote>Flower flies of the subfamily Eristalinae are among the most common and conspicuous of the flower flies. These flies are common pollinators almost wherever flowers are found, being absent only in truly arid areas and in polar regions. The larvae of these flies are filter feeders in all kinds of aquatic media and are commonly called "rat-tailed maggots". Occasionally these larvae are accidentally swallowed by humans, thus causing myiasis. Otherwise, the larvae contribute to water purification by filtering microorganisms and other products. The subfamily Eristalinae includes the tribe Eristalini and this in turn includes the subtribe Eristalina, in which 16 genera and 400 species are classified.</blockquote></div><p></p>
<center>https://images.hive.blog/DQmYiqpSurW29YUyjLCtZTBab7H5FcP7oL6nZqAmVmmU2B2/04.JPG</center><p></p>
<div class="text-justify">La mosca que muestro en las fotografías pertenece a la subtribu Eristalina, más específicamente al género <em>Palpada</em> que contiene especies de moscas grandes, con cara tuberculada lateralmente pilosa, con ojos desnudos o pilosos, y patas simples excepto el metafémur que es a veces moderadamente hinchado. Me resultó difícil diferenciar entre especies y probablemente sea la especie <em>vinetorum</em>, <em>agrorum</em> o <em>alhambra</em>.</div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><blockquote>The fly I show in the photographs belongs to the subtribe Eristalina, more specifically to the genus <em>Palpada</em> which contains species of large flies, with laterally pilose tuberculate face, bare or pilose eyes, and simple legs except for the metafemur which is sometimes moderately swollen. I found it difficult to differentiate between species and it is probably the species <em>vinetorum</em>, <em>agrorum</em> or <em>alhambra</em>.</blockquote></div>
<p></p>
<center>Referencias - References</center><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><sub><a href="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13328">Marín-Armijos, D.; Quezada-Ríos, N.; Soto-Armijos, C. & Mengual, X. 2017. Checklist of the flower flies of Ecuador (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys 691: 163-199.</a></sub></div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><sub><a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1741.1.3">Mengual, X & Thompson, F. C. 2008. A taxonomic review of the <em>Palpada ruficeps</em> species group, with the description of a new flower fly from Colombia (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa. 1741 (1): 31-36.</a></sub></div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><sub><a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.39">Montoya, A. L. 2016. Family Syrphidae. Zootaxa. 4122 (1): 457-537.</a></sub></div>
<p></p>
<center>https://images.hive.blog/DQmTQT7ih8W5aSbe3qdDnZMmVeUxR6vuc4EUNFwz23XeZ6p/S01.png</center><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><center>Imágenes capturadas con cámara digital Panasonic DMC-FH4.</center></div><p></p>
<div class="text-justify"><blockquote><center>Images captured with Panasonic DMC-FH4 digital camera.</center></blockquote></div><p></p>
<center>https://images.hive.blog/DQmUvqQ7PMtZ698dDJY97gdQgxYckZPNKBJNVVGjixriU4Q/S02.png</center>
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