Ethereum has been proof of stake chain for two years now. As a reminder the start of the transition to proof of stake started back in December 2020. The staking chain was launched then to run in parallel with the proof of work chain. Staking was then enabled, but withdrawals from staking were not. The proof of work chain and the proof of stake merged in September 2022, almost two years after the initial phase. Finaly unstaking was enabled in March 2023, when everyone who had staked on the PoS chain could unstake if they wish so. 


How is staking Ethereum going these days? After everything was finished and time has passed. Are more users unstaking or maybe staking now? It’s been a year since the unstaking is live so let’s check it out. 


 


![01.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/dalz/23uExLYxMS3nMzTPBsWDVdWqEYoHmitJ95dykL5iCZHgDZ92GMZe6HN34DLt9DM1qXXdZ.png)





Here we e will be looking at:
-	Staked Ethereum by date
-	Staked VS Unstaked ETH since the Shanghai update
-	Share of staked ETH
-	Number of validators 
-	Top staking pools

The data presented here is mostly gathered from Dune Analytics and Ethscan.


## Staked Ethereum by Date

Here is the chart.

 



![image001.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/dalz/23t78uMBkeJxbboSfUdceFTePCN4ajD63kf4w5ouxBbA1KQ144ij66niBDwKVnYUKjhpb.png)





This is the amount of staked ETH since the launch of the Beacon chain and the option for staking Ethereum in November 2020. 
We can see a constant growth in the amount of ETH staked and, on some occasions, a sharp increase. 

In the last period there seems to be a flattening out in the amount of staked ETH with **34.5M** staked at the moment. 

**If we zoom in 2023-2024 we get this:**

 



![image003.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/dalz/23t78nfAnVzdzYLduZRxUCTRtPG6zzGbEir3enKTCcwAJfnRACWoXEJDt48ddfzTjwCh7.png)





Here we can notice a strong growth in May 2023. The unstaking option has caused more Ethereum to be staked than unstaked. Probably users felt more comfortable staking now knowing that they can unstake at any moment if needed. Then a steadier growth, a small drop in January 2023 and again a slow increase and almost constant in the last months. 

At the beginning of 2024 there were close to 29M ETH staked while now we are at 34.5M, an increase of 5.5M. 

### Deposits VS Withdrawals Since the Shanghai Update

If take a look at the daily deposits vs withdrawals since the update, we get this:

 



![image005.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/dalz/23vrroE5AcW5Bkszu5f45S5AwHkvDm3wypFtcj4TxtU6JyHV4cicNYczJbT4MtpAH5y12.png)





Most of the days are in positive, meaning that more ETH is being staked in general that ustaked, even with the ustaking option enabled. There are few big unstaking events in April 2023, where more than 100k ETH was unstaked in a day. A few big ones have happened in January 2024 and again more in the last days. 

 
### Share of Staked Ethereum

What is the share of staked Ethereum? Here is the historical trend. 



 


![image007.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/dalz/23t7AySwENnAC8b25YghG3oiLH6Z5RatH6FzK87XyG4Mruch4SoJEHTwxciAgzdnVutfW.png)






We can notice that the staking was activated later in the Ethereum lifecycle and since recently it has started to gather more momentum. It’s worth noting that since last year Ethereum cut their inflation down as well and is deflationary in the last period. What this means is that the ETH issuance is lowered, and at the same time the staking is locking more ETH, basically lowering the liquid supply from both ends. 

**The liquid Ethereum supply looks like this:**


 


![image009.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/dalz/Eo1wT3h7ZDxT7ugW2GjonCAwbYzH21HS8J2A4dG8oAhmekvh18ygmHjiaGdWPqFKgPB.png)





We can see the drop in the liquid ETH supply, from 113M at the top in 2020 to 85M now. It seems that there is finally some slowdown in the amount of ETH staked. Will see where the balance is found. Staking provides APR, but if more ETH is staked this APR goes down. Also, the APR for staking depends on the network activity and the fees paid by users. 

**The current share of staked ETH looks like this:**
 



![image011.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/dalz/Eo1wQK7UveZcasuHmu2uRnJb3LEGvUiNAGZXSxhacioA2mTYpDSDsWiWVAcg9jjcEVu.png)





When compared to the total ETH supply that is around 120M now, the 34.5M staked ETH represents a **29%** of the supply. My guess is that it will stabilize around the 30% share. 

## Number of Validators
Here is the chart.


 


![image013.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/dalz/23t797twambokNjXtx4389utpLuh5bXDLzhoEmfjmZ243Hpd6ybASBkH1Ksm2voFVexPz.png)






The number of validators has also continued to grow. At the moment there are close to **1M** validators, adding 400k more since Shanghai. 

Note that these are not unique validators, as most of them are represented by a pool or some type of CEX. There is now even a proposal to decrease the upper limit for a validator from 32ETH, so at some point the number of validators might consolidate. 


## Top Ethereum Stakers

Who is staking the most? Here is the chart.


 


![image015.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/dalz/23tv8f2nBh3DiW72QtocXQz7UAAbdLehfnTJkz7N31LoUCaAcoxYXgLSLDaF6HgLuFjny.png)






The **Lido** pool is on the top with almost **9.7M** ETH staked. This pool has even its own token for governance. On the second spot is the Coinbase exchange, followed by another exchange Binance. 

Lido has dominated in the past, but it seems that it has peaked and now has an even lower amount of ETH staked from the beginning of the year. Probably some of the tokens went to ether.fi. 


-----


Overall staking Ethereum has continued in the last period and the amount of ETH staked continues to grow, although at a slower rate. The ether.fi and the restaking seem to be the new thing that has moved the needle a bit and has transferred some coins from Lido to the restaking protocol. 



All the best
@dalz