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An Anthropological View regarding The Ideas on the Causation of Ill-Health Part 1 by zest

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· @zest · (edited)
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An Anthropological View regarding The Ideas on the Causation of Ill-Health Part 1
https://steemitimages.com/DQmSvw8Ajhp9DatxPxokbj9DLccu2uSbFkzjXFBPgbkLckJ/anthrpology%20by%20zest.png


# **An Anthropological View regarding The Ideas on the Causation of Ill-Health Part 1**

<div class="pull-center"><center><img src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2012/11/21/16/31/heart-66888_960_720.jpg" /><br/><em><a href="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2012/11/21/16/31/heart-66888_960_720.jpg">Image Source: Pixabay</a></em></center></div>

## **Introduction**

<div class="pull-left"><center><img src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2018/02/28/02/29/woman-3187087_960_720.jpg" /><br/><em><a href="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2018/02/28/02/29/woman-3187087_960_720.jpg">Image Source: Pixabay</a></em></center></div>

When someone becomes ill he/she often asks "Why has this happened to me?" or "Have I done anything to deserve this?" The answer provided to this question is often determined by the person's sociocultural context. Ideas about causation are an important part of a system of health care.

Explanatory theories of medical systems include ideas about the cause of a condition. A condition usually only becomes meaningful once a cause has been identified for it. Consequently, identification of a cause is an important factor in a person's decision about coping strategies he/she should follow, such as who should be consulted and the type of treatment that should be followed. Causation is founded in a patient's socialcultural enviroment in general, and in the system of health beliefs as part of that environment in particular. Causes are abstracted from illness conditions and interpreted in terms of culture. Determining a cause for a condition is a basic part of diagnosis. 

## **The Notion of Chance**

<div class="pull-right"><center><img src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2014/11/21/14/03/operation-540598_960_720.jpg" /><br/><em><a href="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2014/11/21/14/03/operation-540598_960_720.jpg">Image Source: Pixabay</a></em></center></div>

In biomedical systems disease is generally explained by means of **empirically based cause and effect sequences.** This implies that all "clinical events" have a cause which can be discovered through a logical chain of causal influences that lead up to the "fact" of the disease. 

For instance, an infected tseate fly bites a man and he becomes sick. This illness reveals certain symptoms according to which a medical doctor diagnoses the disease, sleeping sickness. There is no attempt to explain why the fly bit that particular man and not someone else. The doctor aims to discover what is causing the symptoms, that is, what the pathological process is at work. 

If the sick person asks "Why has it happened to me?", the doctor would answer: "It was by chance."

The main focus of biomedicine is on the consequences of an illness, accident of misfortune rather than on the cause. Biomedicine is more interested in answering "what?" rather than "why?"

Sufferers often to need to "make sense" of what has happened and why. Many health-belief systems include lay ideas about which do not necessarily acknowledge the idea of chance. 


**These medical beliefs look for an answer to the question "Why me?"**

## **Lay Theories of Illness Causation**

<div class="pull-left"><center><img src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/03/31/21/17/divine-light-1296309_960_720.jpg" /><br/><em><a href="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/03/31/21/17/divine-light-1296309_960_720.jpg">Image Source: Pixabay</a></em></center></div>

Based on a cross-cultural ethnomedical study of lay ideas regarding causation, four basic areas of illness causation can be identified, namely the: 

- individual body
- natural world
- the social and cultural world, and 
- supernatural world

Within these areas, there are three theories for why illness occurs namely

- imbalance
- natural process, and
- as punishment

Social and supernatural causes tend to be features of traditional, pre-industrial communities, while natural or patient-centered explanations of illness are mostly found in western, industrialized countries. This is, however, not an absolute division and interactions do occur.

End of Part 1

In Part 2 we discuss the four basic lay ideas on the causation of illness and the final the theories within those ideas.

*Thank you for Reading*

References:

- Hammond-Tooke : 1974 (336)
- Quinian : 2011 (386)
- Helman : 1994 (121)

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@abigail-dantes ·
$0.06
Look who has posted today! &#128515;

Great, concise intro to an interesting topic. I have written this down on my notepad:

<blockquote>A condition usually only becomes meaningful once a cause has been identified for it.</blockquote>

And again your field reminds me of mine! We largely explore this notion when we study *diagnosis* &#128521;

You live in my heart &#128536;
👍  ,
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@zest · (edited)
$0.03
Hello baby sis!!!

Thank you so much for the great message. 

> And again your field reminds me of mine! We largely explore this notion when we study diagnosis 😉

You know they say "great minds think alike" so you and me we sharp like that (lol) :)

Love ya lots like jelly tots.
👍  
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@abigail-dantes ·
❤️😊
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@alexander.alexis ·
You haven't posted in such a long while that I missed this.

---

To paraphrase Nietzsche's 'men will rather will nothingness than not will', I'll say that 'men will rather invent causes than leave things to chance'.

There's so much psychologically involved in this. For instance, if you got the disease cos you were morally at fault, then there's hope that you can change your situation by righting the fault/wrong, by making amends, by asking forgiveness, etc. 

So I think it's partly people stubborn [meliorism](https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/meliorism) - their belief that there's always something they can do to change their situation into something that agrees with their desires - that makes them unsatisfied with 'chance' being given as a reason. 

At any rate, it serves us very well, evolutionarily, to always look for causes, even when there's none to be found.
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@brupvoter ·
re-zest-an-anthropological-view-regarding-the-ideas-on-the-causation-of-ill-health-part-1-20180807t223746456z
You got a 8.94% upvote from @brupvoter courtesy of @bidbot.credits!
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@dedicatedguy ·
> supernatural causes tend to be features of traditional, pre-industrial communities

Trying to explain something without the necessary knowledge to properly understand the issue in question makes people go down the path of supernatural beliefs and use those beliefs to explain pretty much anything they can possibly imagine. Whether they are healthy or sick, a superstitious person will attribute a supernatural reason for it. 

Looking forward for more of your articles mate, cheers!
👍  
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@zest ·
>Trying to explain something without the necessary knowledge to properly understand the issue in question makes people go down the path of supernatural beliefs and use those beliefs to explain pretty much anything they can possibly imagine. Whether they are healthy or sick, a superstitious person will attribute a supernatural reason for it.

Perfectly said bud!!! 
In the next Part, we will explore the different beliefs and the contributing factors that lead to them.

Thank you for the Brilliant comment and support!!!!

Cheers mate!!
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@eurogee ·
Hey @zest

Interesting intro to a great series/topic.

>Sufferers often to need to "make sense" of what has happened and why

Thats it. Finding out what's up  with the "why" is even more important than treating the actual consequence which is the disease. This topic gonna be uniquely very interesting. Looking forwards to other parts. Thanks.

@eurogee of @euronation and @steemstem communities
👍  
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@zest ·
Hey @eurogee!
Thank you, for taking the time to read and for the great comment. 
I truly appreciate it Part 2 will be uploaded soon:) I hope you enjoy it.
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@eurogee ·
Sure sir!
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@ied ·
> Biomedicine is more interested in answering "what?" rather than "why?"

The point of bio-medicine on this is totally correct i think. Cause when someone is injured, its more important to cure him rather than looking fr the reason. 

A good article bro. :)
👍  
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@zest ·
>A good article bro. :)

Thank you @ied
👍  
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@ied ·
:)
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@metametheus ·
Looking forward to reading part 2....
👍  
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@zest ·
Thank you so much for the interest in my posts. I truly appreciate it:)
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@naturalmedicine ·
**Woo-hoo! Yay!** We *adore* your work, and we've upvoted your post with some @naturalmedicine love! Your article now has a chance to get curated and featured under the round-up of our blog. 

###### If you're a supporter of all things natural healing, you might like to read our introductory post [here](https://steemit.com/introduceyourself/@naturalmedicine/introducing-naturalmedicine-celebrating-and-promoting-natural-healing-on-steemit). We'd also love to welcome you on Discord [here](https://discord.gg/rNgU9CE)!! 
<center>https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmVWMfxPmKA2Gu4fA82HEmLPmKyUzopZ3XvXDNTmD5Aavr/naturalmedicinesmallavatar.jpg</center>
👍  
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@zest ·
Thank you @naturalmedicine!!!
I will check out the discord asap!!!
Much appreciated!!!!
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@naturalmedicine ·
Wonderful..look forward to seeing you there.
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@samminator ·
Wow!! Welcome back buddy.
> When someone becomes ill he/she often asks "Why has this happened to me?" or "Have I done anything to deserve this?"

Exactly... in this part of the world, it is not uncommon for people to attach superstition to happenings (even something like illnesses) - they tend to believe that ill-health has spiritual undertone.. but they sometimes forget that there could be many causation to this particular phenomenon.

You did an expository piece buddy.
👍  
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@zest ·
Hey Buddy!!!!
Thank you so much the warm welcome back. 
In the next Part, I will go in depth into the beliefs with some examples.

Thank you for the awesome comment and support!!!
Much appreciated.
👍  
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@samminator ·
I would be waiting for the next part buddy 🍻🍺
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@sciencetech ·
$0.04
It has never occurred to me to give chance to this kind of thinking as to find out the "whys" of diseases. I am always particularly interested in the symptoms like most people out there. But this post will certainly influence my perspectives from now henceforth. Thanks

@sciencetech
STEM contributor
👍  ,
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@zest ·
Thank you for taking the time to read @sciencetech, I am hopeful the next two parts would be interesting to you. 
Your support is truly appreciated
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@solomonsel ·
$0.06
During my undergrad studies in sociology I came across such theories. It's a bit hazy now but memories and thoughts about illness came flooding back. As an African, many illnesses and general misfortune in life is seen as either witchcraft or upset ancestors. As primitive as it may sound, these notions still hold fast today amongst young people too. I feel like researching this topic again...
👍  
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@zest ·
In Part 2 I will be explaining some examples of such beliefs, if you ever want to collaborate on posts give me a shout via the SteemSTEM discord channel :) 

Thank you for stopping by!!!
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@solomonsel ·
That would actually be great. I'm a bit intimidated though. If all your posts are like this one then you're a great writer and I don't think I'm quite at your level yet.
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@steemiteducation ·
https://imgoat.com/uploads/97da629b09/106964.png
If you would like to support the educational community by delegating to @steemiteducation, please click on any of the following links. This will ensure that more teachers are supported on a daily basis. 
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👍  
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@zest ·
Thank you guys @steemiteducation SO MUCH!!!!Much appreciated!!!
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@steemstem ·
post_voted_by
<center> https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/354723995037466624/463380522928963599/steemSTEM.png</center> <br><br> This post has been voted on by the steemstem curation team and voting trail.  <br> <br>There is more to SteemSTEM than just writing posts, check <a href="https://steemit.com/steemstem/@steemstem/being-a-member-of-the-steemstem-community">here</a> for some more tips on being a community member. You can also join our discord <a href="https://discord.gg/BPARaqn">here</a> to get to know the rest of the community!
👍  
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@zest ·
SteemSTEM ROCKS!!!!
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@trumpman ·
$0.05
Interesting topic, will be waiting for part 2 ^_^
👍  ,
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@zest ·
$0.04
I am honoured !!! 
Thank you
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@utopian-io ·
#### Hi @zest!

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@zest ·
Thank you @utopian-io, your support is truly appreciated!!!
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